# Index

*   _

    *   [(phrasal) projections *(3.2)*](ch09.html#_phrasal__projections_index_term)
*   A

    *   [accuracy *(3.2)*](ch06.html#accuracy_index_term)
    *   [address *(4.5)*](ch10.html#address_index_term)
    *   [adjectives *(2.6)*](ch05.html#adjectives_index_term)
    *   [adverbs *(2.6)*](ch05.html#adverbs_index_term)
    *   [agreement *(1.1)*](ch09.html#agreement_index_term)
    *   [alphabetic variants *(4.2)*](ch10.html#alphabetic_variants_index_term)
    *   [anaphora resolution *(5.2)*](ch01.html#anaphora_resolution_index_term)
    *   [anaphoric antecedent *(5.1)*](ch10.html#anaphoric_antecedent_index_term)
    *   [antecedent *(5.2)*](ch01.html#antecedent_index_term)
    *   [antonymy *(5.3)*](ch02.html#antonymy_index_term)
    *   [appending *(2.1)*](ch01.html#appending_index_term)
    *   [appropriate *(5)*](ch09.html#appropriate_index_term)
    *   [argument *(2)*](ch10.html#argument_index_term)
    *   [arity *(3.3)*](ch10.html#arity_index_term)
    *   [articles *(2.6)*](ch05.html#articles_index_term)
    *   [assignment *(3.5)*](ch10.html#assignment_index_term)
    *   [associative array *(3)*](ch05.html#associative_array_index_term)
    *   [assumption *(2)*](ch10.html#assumption_index_term)
    *   [atomic *(1.3)*](ch09.html#atomic_index_term)
    *   [attribute value matrix *(1.3)*](ch09.html#attribute_value_matrix_index_term)
    *   [auxiliaries *(3.3)*](ch09.html#auxiliaries_index_term)
    *   [auxiliary *(1.3)*](ch09.html#auxiliary_index_term)
*   B

    *   [backoff *(4.3)*](ch05.html#backoff_index_term)
    *   [backtracks *(4.1)*](ch08.html#backtracks_index_term)
    *   [base case *(4.7.1)*](ch04.html#base_case_index_term)
    *   [basic types *(3.1)*](ch10.html#basic_types_index_term)
    *   [bigrams *(3.3)*](ch01.html#bigrams_index_term)
    *   [binary predicate *(3.1)*](ch10.html#binary_predicate_index_term)
    *   [bind *(3.1)*](ch10.html#bind_index_term)
    *   [binding operators *(4.5)*](ch10.html#binding_operators_index_term)
    *   [binning *(5.3)*](ch06.html#binning_index_term)
    *   [BIO Format *(8)*](ch07.html#bio_format_index_term)
    *   [Bold *(X)*](ch00.html#bold_index_term)
    *   [boolean *(1.3)*](ch09.html#boolean_index_term)
    *   [boolean operators *(2)*](ch10.html#boolean_operators_index_term)
    *   [bottom-up *(4.7.3)*](ch04.html#bottom_up_index_term)
    *   [bottom-up parsing *(4.1)*](ch08.html#bottom_up_parsing_index_term)
    *   [bound *(3.1)*](ch10.html#bound_index_term)
    *   [bound *(3.1)*](ch10.html#bound_index_term_2)
    *   [breakpoints *(4.6.4)*](ch04.html#breakpoints_index_term)
*   C

    *   [call-by-value *(4.4.2)*](ch04.html#call_by_value_index_term)
    *   [call *(1.4)*](ch01.html#call_index_term)
    *   [call structure *(4.7.3)*](ch04.html#call_structure_index_term)
    *   [Catalan numbers *(6.2)*](ch08.html#catalan_numbers_index_term)
    *   [characteristic function *(3.4)*](ch10.html#characteristic_function_index_term)
    *   [chart *(4.4)*](ch08.html#chart_index_term)
    *   [chart parsing *(4.4)*](ch08.html#chart_parsing_index_term)
    *   [child *(4.2)*](ch07.html#child_index_term)
    *   [chink *(2.5)*](ch07.html#chink_index_term)
    *   [chink *(8)*](ch07.html#chink_index_term_2)
    *   [chunk grammar *(2.1)*](ch07.html#chunk_grammar_index_term)
    *   [chunk *(2)*](ch07.html#chunk_index_term)
    *   [chunking *(2)*](ch07.html#chunking_index_term)
    *   [class label *(1)*](ch06.html#class_label_index_term)
    *   [Classification *(1)*](ch06.html#classification_index_term)
    *   [closed class *(7.4)*](ch05.html#closed_class_index_term)
    *   [closed *(3.1)*](ch10.html#closed_index_term)
    *   [closures *(3.4.2)*](ch03.html#closures_index_term)
    *   [code point *(3.3.1)*](ch03.html#code_point_index_term)
    *   [coindex *(2)*](ch09.html#coindex_index_term)
    *   [collocation *(3.3)*](ch01.html#collocation_index_term)
    *   [comparative wordlist *(4.3)*](ch02.html#comparative_wordlist_index_term)
    *   [complements *(5.1)*](ch08.html#complements_index_term)
    *   [complete *(9)*](ch08.html#complete_index_term)
    *   [complex *(1.3)*](ch09.html#complex_index_term)
    *   [complex types *(3.1)*](ch10.html#complex_types_index_term)
    *   [components *(5.5)*](ch01.html#components_index_term)
    *   [concatenation *(3.2.1)*](ch03.html#concatenation_index_term)
    *   [conclusion *(2)*](ch10.html#conclusion_index_term)
    *   [conditional expression *(4.3)*](ch01.html#conditional_expression_index_term)
    *   [conditional frequency distribution *(2)*](ch02.html#conditional_frequency_distribution_index_term)
    *   [conditional *(6.3)*](ch06.html#conditional_index_term)
    *   [confusion matrix *(3.4)*](ch06.html#confusion_matrix_index_term)
    *   [consecutive classification *(1.6)*](ch06.html#consecutive_classification_index_term)
    *   [consistent *(1.2)*](ch10.html#consistent_index_term)
    *   [constituent *(2.1)*](ch08.html#constituent_index_term)
    *   [constituent structure *(2.1)*](ch08.html#constituent_structure_index_term)
    *   [control *(4)*](ch01.html#control_index_term)
    *   [control structure *(4.3)*](ch01.html#control_structure_index_term)
    *   [Cooper storage *(4.5)*](ch10.html#cooper_storage_index_term)
    *   [coordinate structure *(2.1)*](ch08.html#coordinate_structure_index_term)
    *   [copy *(4.1.1)*](ch04.html#copy_index_term)
    *   [coreferential *(3.1)*](ch10.html#coreferential_index_term)
    *   [corpora *(0)*](ch02.html#corpora_index_term)
    *   [Corpus Linguistics *(7)*](ch02.html#corpus_linguistics_index_term)
    *   [cross-validation *(3.5)*](ch06.html#cross_validation_index_term)
*   D

    *   [data intensive *(I)*](ch12.html#data_intensive_index_term)
    *   [debugger *(4.6.4)*](ch04.html#debugger_index_term)
    *   [decision nodes *(4)*](ch06.html#decision_nodes_index_term)
    *   [decision stump *(4)*](ch06.html#decision_stump_index_term)
    *   [decision tree *(4)*](ch06.html#decision_tree_index_term)
    *   [decoding *(3.3.1)*](ch03.html#decoding_index_term)
    *   [defensive programming *(4.4.4)*](ch04.html#defensive_programming_index_term)
    *   [dependents *(5)*](ch08.html#dependents_index_term)
    *   [determiners *(2.6)*](ch05.html#determiners_index_term)
    *   [dev-test *(1.2)*](ch06.html#dev_test_index_term)
    *   [development set *(1.2)*](ch06.html#development_set_index_term)
    *   [dialogue acts *(2.2)*](ch06.html#dialogue_acts_index_term)
    *   [dictionary *(3)*](ch05.html#dictionary_index_term)
    *   [dictionary *(3.2)*](ch05.html#dictionary_index_term_2)
    *   [directed acyclic graphs *(2)*](ch09.html#directed_acyclic_graphs_index_term)
    *   [discourse *(5)*](ch10.html#discourse_index_term)
    *   [discourse referents *(5.1)*](ch10.html#discourse_referents_index_term)
    *   [discourse representation structure *(5.1)*](ch10.html#discourse_representation_structure_index_term)
    *   [dispersion plot *(1.3)*](ch01.html#dispersion_plot_index_term)
    *   [divide-and-conquer *(4.7)*](ch04.html#divide_and_conquer_index_term)
    *   [docstring *(4.4)*](ch04.html#docstring_index_term)
    *   [doctest block *(4.4.6)*](ch04.html#doctest_block_index_term)
    *   [domain *(3.4)*](ch10.html#domain_index_term)
    *   [DRS conditions *(5.1)*](ch10.html#drs_conditions_index_term)
    *   [duck typing *(4.3)*](ch07.html#duck_typing_index_term)
    *   [dynamic programming *(4.4)*](ch08.html#dynamic_programming_index_term)
*   E

    *   [empiricism *(II)*](ch12.html#empiricism_index_term)
    *   [encode *(1.1)*](ch06.html#encode_index_term)
    *   [encoding *(3.3.1)*](ch03.html#encoding_index_term)
    *   [entails *(5.3)*](ch02.html#entails_index_term)
    *   [equivalent *(2)*](ch09.html#equivalent_index_term)
    *   [error analysis *(1.2)*](ch06.html#error_analysis_index_term)
    *   [evaluation set *(3.1)*](ch06.html#evaluation_set_index_term)
    *   [existential quantifier *(3.1)*](ch10.html#existential_quantifier_index_term)
    *   [Expected Likelihood Estimation *(5.2)*](ch06.html#expected_likelihood_estimation_index_term)
    *   [export *(3.9.2)*](ch03.html#export_index_term)
*   F

    *   [F-Measure *(3.3)*](ch06.html#f_measure_index_term)
    *   [F-Score *(3.3)*](ch06.html#f_score_index_term)
    *   [f-structure *(5)*](ch09.html#f_structure_index_term)
    *   [False negatives *(3.3)*](ch06.html#false_negatives_index_term)
    *   [False positives *(3.3)*](ch06.html#false_positives_index_term)
    *   [feature extractor *(1.1)*](ch06.html#feature_extractor_index_term)
    *   [feature *(1.2)*](ch09.html#feature_index_term)
    *   [feature path *(2)*](ch09.html#feature_path_index_term)
    *   [feature set *(1.1)*](ch06.html#feature_set_index_term)
    *   [feature structures *(1)*](ch09.html#feature_structures_index_term)
    *   [features *(1.1)*](ch06.html#features_index_term)
    *   [fields *(4.2.2)*](ch04.html#fields_index_term)
    *   [filler *(3.4)*](ch09.html#filler_index_term)
    *   [folds *(3.5)*](ch06.html#folds_index_term)
    *   [formal language theory *(I)*](ch12.html#formal_language_theory_index_term)
    *   [format string *(3.9.2)*](ch03.html#format_string_index_term)
    *   [free *(3.1)*](ch10.html#free_index_term)
    *   [frequency distribution *(3.1)*](ch01.html#frequency_distribution_index_term)
    *   [function *(3.2)*](ch02.html#function_index_term)
*   G

    *   [gaps *(3.4)*](ch09.html#gaps_index_term)
    *   [gazetteer *(5)*](ch07.html#gazetteer_index_term)
    *   [generalized quantifiers *(8)*](ch10.html#generalized_quantifiers_index_term)
    *   [generative grammar *(8)*](ch08.html#generative_grammar_index_term)
    *   [generative *(6.3)*](ch06.html#generative_index_term)
    *   [generator expression *(4.2.3)*](ch04.html#generator_expression_index_term)
    *   [gerund *(7.1)*](ch05.html#gerund_index_term)
    *   [Glue semantics *(7)*](ch10.html#glue_semantics_index_term)
    *   [glyphs *(3.3.1)*](ch03.html#glyphs_index_term)
    *   [gold standard *(4.4)*](ch05.html#gold_standard_index_term)
    *   [graphs *(4.8.2)*](ch04.html#graphs_index_term)
    *   [greedy sequence classification *(1.6)*](ch06.html#greedy_sequence_classification_index_term)
*   H

    *   [hapaxes *(3.1)*](ch01.html#hapaxes_index_term)
    *   [hash array *(3)*](ch05.html#hash_array_index_term)
    *   [head features *(6)*](ch09.html#head_features_index_term)
    *   [head *(5)*](ch08.html#head_index_term)
    *   [headword *(4)*](ch02.html#headword_index_term)
    *   [Heldout Estimation *(5.2)*](ch06.html#heldout_estimation_index_term)
    *   [Hidden Markov Models *(1.7)*](ch06.html#hidden_markov_models_index_term)
    *   [Hole semantics *(7)*](ch10.html#hole_semantics_index_term)
    *   [holonyms *(5.3)*](ch02.html#holonyms_index_term)
    *   [homonyms *(4)*](ch02.html#homonyms_index_term)
    *   [hyponyms *(5.2)*](ch02.html#hyponyms_index_term)
*   I

    *   [idealism *(II)*](ch12.html#idealism_index_term)
    *   [identifiers *(2.3)*](ch01.html#identifiers_index_term)
    *   [immediate constituents *(2.1)*](ch08.html#immediate_constituents_index_term)
    *   [immutable *(4.2.2)*](ch04.html#immutable_index_term)
    *   [inconsistent *(1.2)*](ch10.html#inconsistent_index_term)
    *   [indented code block *(1.4)*](ch01.html#indented_code_block_index_term)
    *   [independence assumption *(5.1)*](ch06.html#independence_assumption_index_term)
    *   [index *(2.2)*](ch01.html#index_index_term)
    *   [inference *(2)*](ch10.html#inference_index_term)
    *   [Information Extraction *(1)*](ch07.html#information_extraction_index_term)
    *   [information gain *(4.1)*](ch06.html#information_gain_index_term)
    *   [Inline annotation *(3.5)*](ch11.html#inline_annotation_index_term)
    *   [interpreter *(1.1)*](ch01.html#interpreter_index_term)
    *   [IOB tags *(2.6)*](ch07.html#iob_tags_index_term)
    *   [iterative optimization *(6)*](ch06.html#iterative_optimization_index_term)
*   J

    *   [joint classifier *(1.6)*](ch06.html#joint_classifier_index_term)
    *   [joint-feature *(6.1)*](ch06.html#joint_feature_index_term)
*   K

    *   [Kappa *(2.2)*](ch11.html#kappa_index_term)
    *   [key *(3.2)*](ch05.html#key_index_term)
    *   [keyword arguments *(4.5.4)*](ch04.html#keyword_arguments_index_term)
    *   [Kleene closures *(3.4.2)*](ch03.html#kleene_closures_index_term)
*   L

    *   [lambda expressions *(4.5.1)*](ch04.html#lambda_expressions_index_term)
    *   [latent semantic analysis *(4.8.4)*](ch04.html#latent_semantic_analysis_index_term)
    *   [leaf nodes *(4)*](ch06.html#leaf_nodes_index_term)
    *   [left-corner *(4.3)*](ch08.html#left_corner_index_term)
    *   [left-corner parser *(4.3)*](ch08.html#left_corner_parser_index_term)
    *   [left-recursive *(3.3)*](ch08.html#left_recursive_index_term)
    *   [lemma *(4)*](ch02.html#lemma_index_term)
    *   [letter trie *(4.7.1)*](ch04.html#letter_trie_index_term)
    *   [lexical acquisition *(9)*](ch08.html#lexical_acquisition_index_term)
    *   [lexical categories *(0)*](ch05.html#lexical_categories_index_term)
    *   [lexical entry *(4)*](ch02.html#lexical_entry_index_term)
    *   [lexical relations *(5.3)*](ch02.html#lexical_relations_index_term)
    *   [lexicon *(10)*](ch06.html#lexicon_index_term)
    *   [LGB rule *(4.4.3)*](ch04.html#lgb_rule_index_term)
    *   [library *(3.3)*](ch02.html#library_index_term)
    *   [licensed *(3.4)*](ch09.html#licensed_index_term)
    *   [likelihood ratios *(1.1)*](ch06.html#likelihood_ratios_index_term)
    *   [Linear-Chain Conditional Random Field Models *(1.7)*](ch06.html#linear_chain_conditional_random_field_models_index_term)
    *   [list *(2.1)*](ch01.html#list_index_term)
    *   [local variables *(3.2)*](ch02.html#local_variables_index_term)
    *   [logical constants *(3.1)*](ch10.html#logical_constants_index_term)
    *   [logical form *(2)*](ch10.html#logical_form_index_term)
*   M

    *   [machine translation *(5.3)*](ch01.html#machine_translation_index_term)
    *   [mapping *(3)*](ch05.html#mapping_index_term)
    *   [maximal projection *(3.2)*](ch09.html#maximal_projection_index_term)
    *   [Maximum Entropy *(6)*](ch06.html#maximum_entropy_index_term)
    *   [Maximum Entropy Markov Models *(1.7)*](ch06.html#maximum_entropy_markov_models_index_term)
    *   [Maximum Entropy principle *(6.2)*](ch06.html#maximum_entropy_principle_index_term)
    *   [meronyms *(5.3)*](ch02.html#meronyms_index_term)
    *   [methods *(3.2)*](ch02.html#methods_index_term)
    *   [modals *(2.6)*](ch05.html#modals_index_term)
    *   [model checking *(3.5)*](ch10.html#model_checking_index_term)
    *   [model *(1.2)*](ch10.html#model_index_term)
    *   [models *(7)*](ch06.html#models_index_term)
    *   [module *(3.3)*](ch02.html#module_index_term)
    *   [morpho-syntactic *(7.5)*](ch05.html#morpho_syntactic_index_term)
    *   [morphological analysis *(7.5)*](ch05.html#morphological_analysis_index_term)
    *   [multiword expression *(3.11)*](ch03.html#multiword_expression_index_term)
    *   [mutable *(4.2.2)*](ch04.html#mutable_index_term)
*   N

    *   [n-gram tagger *(5.3)*](ch05.html#n_gram_tagger_index_term)
    *   [naive Bayes assumption *(5.1)*](ch06.html#naive_bayes_assumption_index_term)
    *   [naive Bayes *(5)*](ch06.html#naive_bayes_index_term)
    *   [named entity detection *(1.1)*](ch07.html#named_entity_detection_index_term)
    *   [named entity recognition *(5)*](ch07.html#named_entity_recognition_index_term)
    *   [newlines *(3.1.5)*](ch03.html#newlines_index_term)
    *   [NLTK Data Repository *(6.3)*](ch11.html#nltk_data_repository_index_term)
    *   [non-logical constants *(3.1)*](ch10.html#non_logical_constants_index_term)
    *   [non-standard words *(3.6.2)*](ch03.html#non_standard_words_index_term)
    *   [normalized *(3.6)*](ch03.html#normalized_index_term)
    *   [noun phrase chunking *(2.1)*](ch07.html#noun_phrase_chunking_index_term)
    *   [noun phrase *(II)*](ch12.html#noun_phrase_index_term)
    *   [NP-chunking *(2.1)*](ch07.html#np_chunking_index_term)
*   O

    *   [objective function *(3.8.2)*](ch03.html#objective_function_index_term)
    *   [open class *(7.4)*](ch05.html#open_class_index_term)
    *   [open formula *(3.1)*](ch10.html#open_formula_index_term)
    *   [out-of-vocabulary *(5.5)*](ch05.html#out_of_vocabulary_index_term)
    *   [overfit *(4.1)*](ch06.html#overfit_index_term)
    *   [overfitting *(1.2)*](ch06.html#overfitting_index_term)
*   P

    *   [package *(3.3)*](ch02.html#package_index_term)
    *   [parameter *(1.4)*](ch01.html#parameter_index_term)
    *   [parameters *(5.5)*](ch06.html#parameters_index_term)
    *   [parent *(4.2)*](ch07.html#parent_index_term)
    *   [parser *(4)*](ch08.html#parser_index_term)
    *   [part-of-speech tagging *(0)*](ch05.html#part_of_speech_tagging_index_term)
    *   [partial information *(2.1)*](ch09.html#partial_information_index_term)
    *   [parts of speech *(0)*](ch05.html#parts_of_speech_index_term)
    *   [personal pronouns *(2.6)*](ch05.html#personal_pronouns_index_term)
    *   [phonology *(I)*](ch12.html#phonology_index_term)
    *   [phrasal level *(3.2)*](ch09.html#phrasal_level_index_term)
    *   [POS-tagger *(1)*](ch05.html#pos_tagger_index_term)
    *   [POS-tagging *(0)*](ch05.html#pos_tagging_index_term)
    *   [pre-sort *(4.7)*](ch04.html#pre_sort_index_term)
    *   [Precision *(3.3)*](ch06.html#precision_index_term)
    *   [precision/recall trade-off *(5.3)*](ch05.html#precision_recall_trade_off_index_term)
    *   [predicates *(3.1)*](ch10.html#predicates_index_term)
    *   [prepositional phrase attachment ambiguity *(3.1)*](ch08.html#prepositional_phrase_attachment_ambiguity_index_term)
    *   [prepositional phrase *(2.1)*](ch08.html#prepositional_phrase_index_term)
    *   [present participle *(7.1)*](ch05.html#present_participle_index_term)
    *   [principle of compositionality *(I)*](ch12.html#principle_of_compositionality_index_term)
    *   [prior probability *(5)*](ch06.html#prior_probability_index_term)
    *   [probabilistic context free grammar *(6.3)*](ch08.html#probabilistic_context_free_grammar_index_term)
    *   [productions *(1.1)*](ch08.html#productions_index_term)
    *   [projective *(5)*](ch08.html#projective_index_term)
    *   [proof goal *(3.2)*](ch10.html#proof_goal_index_term)
    *   [Propositional logic *(2)*](ch10.html#propositional_logic_index_term)
    *   [propositional symbols *(2)*](ch10.html#propositional_symbols_index_term)
    *   [prune *(4.1)*](ch06.html#prune_index_term)
*   Q

    *   [question answering *(5.3)*](ch01.html#question_answering_index_term)
*   R

    *   [rationalism *(II)*](ch12.html#rationalism_index_term)
    *   [raw string *(3.4.2)*](ch03.html#raw_string_index_term)
    *   [realism *(II)*](ch12.html#realism_index_term)
    *   [Recall *(3.3)*](ch06.html#recall_index_term)
    *   [recognizing *(4.4)*](ch08.html#recognizing_index_term)
    *   [record *(4.2.2)*](ch04.html#record_index_term)
    *   [recursion *(4.7.1)*](ch04.html#recursion_index_term)
    *   [recursive *(3.3)*](ch08.html#recursive_index_term)
    *   [reduce *(4.2)*](ch08.html#reduce_index_term)
    *   [reentrancy *(2)*](ch09.html#reentrancy_index_term)
    *   [refactor *(4.4.5)*](ch04.html#refactor_index_term)
    *   [regression testing *(4.6.5)*](ch04.html#regression_testing_index_term)
    *   [relation detection *(1.1)*](ch07.html#relation_detection_index_term)
    *   [relational operators *(4.1)*](ch01.html#relational_operators_index_term)
    *   [replacement field *(3.9.2)*](ch03.html#replacement_field_index_term)
    *   [return value *(3.2)*](ch02.html#return_value_index_term)
    *   [root element *(4.3)*](ch11.html#root_element_index_term)
    *   [root node *(4)*](ch06.html#root_node_index_term)
    *   [runtime error *(2.2)*](ch01.html#runtime_error_index_term)
*   S

    *   [S-Retrieval *(4.5)*](ch10.html#s_retrieval_index_term)
    *   [satisfies *(3.5)*](ch10.html#satisfies_index_term)
    *   [scope *(3.7)*](ch10.html#scope_index_term)
    *   [segmentation *(3.8)*](ch03.html#segmentation_index_term)
    *   [semantic role labeling *(5.2)*](ch01.html#semantic_role_labeling_index_term)
    *   [sequence classifier *(1.6)*](ch06.html#sequence_classifier_index_term)
    *   [sequence *(3.2.6)*](ch03.html#sequence_index_term)
    *   [shift *(4.2)*](ch08.html#shift_index_term)
    *   [shift-reduce parser *(4.2)*](ch08.html#shift_reduce_parser_index_term)
    *   [siblings *(4.2)*](ch07.html#siblings_index_term)
    *   [signature *(3.1)*](ch10.html#signature_index_term)
    *   [slash categories *(3.4)*](ch09.html#slash_categories_index_term)
    *   [slicing *(2.2)*](ch01.html#slicing_index_term)
    *   [smoothing *(5.2)*](ch06.html#smoothing_index_term)
    *   [stack trace *(4.6.4)*](ch04.html#stack_trace_index_term)
    *   [standoff annotation *(2.3)*](ch11.html#standoff_annotation_index_term)
    *   [standoff annotation *(3.5)*](ch11.html#standoff_annotation_index_term_2)
    *   [start-symbol *(3.1)*](ch08.html#start_symbol_index_term)
    *   [stopwords *(4.1)*](ch02.html#stopwords_index_term)
    *   [string formatting *(3.9.2)*](ch03.html#string_formatting_index_term)
    *   [string *(3.2)*](ch03.html#string_index_term)
    *   [strings *(2.4)*](ch01.html#strings_index_term)
    *   [structurally ambiguous *(3.1)*](ch08.html#structurally_ambiguous_index_term)
    *   [structure sharing *(2)*](ch09.html#structure_sharing_index_term)
    *   [structured data *(1)*](ch07.html#structured_data_index_term)
    *   [stylistics *(1.3)*](ch02.html#stylistics_index_term)
    *   [subcategorized *(5.1)*](ch08.html#subcategorized_index_term)
    *   [subsumption *(2.1)*](ch09.html#subsumption_index_term)
    *   [subtype *(5)*](ch09.html#subtype_index_term)
    *   [supervised *(1)*](ch06.html#supervised_index_term)
    *   [Swadesh wordlists *(4.3)*](ch02.html#swadesh_wordlists_index_term)
    *   [symbolic logic *(I)*](ch12.html#symbolic_logic_index_term)
    *   [synonyms *(5.1)*](ch02.html#synonyms_index_term)
    *   [synset *(5.1)*](ch02.html#synset_index_term)
    *   [syntax error *(1.1)*](ch01.html#syntax_error_index_term)
*   T

    *   [T9 *(3.4.2)*](ch03.html#t9_index_term)
    *   [tag *(2)*](ch09.html#tag_index_term)
    *   [tag patterns *(2.2)*](ch07.html#tag_patterns_index_term)
    *   [tagged *(2.2)*](ch05.html#tagged_index_term)
    *   [tagging *(0)*](ch05.html#tagging_index_term)
    *   [tagset *(0)*](ch05.html#tagset_index_term)
    *   [terms *(3.1)*](ch10.html#terms_index_term)
    *   [test set *(1.1)*](ch06.html#test_set_index_term)
    *   [test set *(3.1)*](ch06.html#test_set_index_term_2)
    *   [text alignment *(5.4)*](ch01.html#text_alignment_index_term)
    *   [textonyms *(3.4.2)*](ch03.html#textonyms_index_term)
    *   [token *(1.4)*](ch01.html#token_index_term)
    *   [tokenization *(3.1.1)*](ch03.html#tokenization_index_term)
    *   [top-down *(4.7.3)*](ch04.html#top_down_index_term)
    *   [top-down parsing *(4.1)*](ch08.html#top_down_parsing_index_term)
    *   [total likelihood *(6)*](ch06.html#total_likelihood_index_term)
    *   [train *(5.1)*](ch05.html#train_index_term)
    *   [training *(5.1)*](ch05.html#training_index_term)
    *   [training set *(1.1)*](ch06.html#training_set_index_term)
    *   [training set *(1.2)*](ch06.html#training_set_index_term_2)
    *   [transitive verbs *(5.1)*](ch08.html#transitive_verbs_index_term)
    *   [tree *(4.2)*](ch07.html#tree_index_term)
    *   [True negatives *(3.3)*](ch06.html#true_negatives_index_term)
    *   [True positives *(3.3)*](ch06.html#true_positives_index_term)
    *   [truth-conditions *(2)*](ch10.html#truth_conditions_index_term)
    *   [tuple *(4.2)*](ch04.html#tuple_index_term)
    *   [Turing Test *(5.5)*](ch01.html#turing_test_index_term)
    *   [Type I errors *(3.3)*](ch06.html#type_i_errors_index_term)
    *   [Type II errors *(3.3)*](ch06.html#type_ii_errors_index_term)
    *   [type-raising *(4.3)*](ch10.html#type_raising_index_term)
    *   [Typed feature structures *(5)*](ch09.html#typed_feature_structures_index_term)
    *   [types *(3.1)*](ch10.html#types_index_term)
*   U

    *   [unary predicate *(3.1)*](ch10.html#unary_predicate_index_term)
    *   [unbounded dependency construction *(3.4)*](ch09.html#unbounded_dependency_construction_index_term)
    *   [underspecified *(1.2)*](ch09.html#underspecified_index_term)
    *   [unification *(2.1)*](ch09.html#unification_index_term)
    *   [unique beginners *(5.2)*](ch02.html#unique_beginners_index_term)
    *   [universal quantifier *(3.1)*](ch10.html#universal_quantifier_index_term)
    *   [unseen *(7)*](ch06.html#unseen_index_term)
    *   [unstructured data *(1)*](ch07.html#unstructured_data_index_term)
*   V

    *   [valencies *(5.1)*](ch08.html#valencies_index_term)
    *   [valid *(2)*](ch10.html#valid_index_term)
    *   [validity *(4.1)*](ch11.html#validity_index_term)
    *   [valuation function *(3.4)*](ch10.html#valuation_function_index_term)
    *   [value *(3.2)*](ch05.html#value_index_term)
    *   [variable *(2.3)*](ch01.html#variable_index_term)
    *   [verb phrase *(2.1)*](ch08.html#verb_phrase_index_term)
*   W

    *   [weights *(5.5)*](ch06.html#weights_index_term)
    *   [well formed formulas *(2)*](ch10.html#well_formed_formulas_index_term)
    *   [well formed *(4.1)*](ch11.html#well_formed_index_term)
    *   [well-formed substring table *(4.4)*](ch08.html#well_formed_substring_table_index_term)
    *   [wildcard *(3.4.1)*](ch03.html#wildcard_index_term)
    *   [word classes *(0)*](ch05.html#word_classes_index_term)
    *   [word sense disambiguation *(5.1)*](ch01.html#word_sense_disambiguation_index_term)
    *   [word type *(1.4)*](ch01.html#word_type_index_term)
    *   [WordNet *(5)*](ch02.html#wordnet_index_term)
*   X

    *   [XML attribute *(4.1)*](ch11.html#xml_attribute_index_term)
    *   [XML element *(4.1)*](ch11.html#xml_element_index_term)
*   Z

    *   [zero projection *(3.2)*](ch09.html#zero_projection_index_term)
*   Α

    *   [α-conversion *(4.2)*](ch10.html#α_conversion_index_term)
    *   [α equivalents *(4.2)*](ch10.html#α_equivalents_index_term)
*   Β

    *   [β-reduction *(4.2)*](ch10.html#β_reduction_index_term)
*   Λ

    *   [λ abstraction *(4.2)*](ch10.html#λ_abstraction_index_term)
    *   [λ operator *(4.2)*](ch10.html#λ_operator_index_term)

About this document...

UPDATED FOR NLTK 3.0. This is a chapter from《Python 自然语言处理》, by [Steven Bird](http://estive.net/), [Ewan Klein](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/ewan/) and [Edward Loper](http://ed.loper.org/), Copyright © 2014 the authors. It is distributed with the *Natural Language Toolkit* [`http://nltk.org/`], Version 3.0, under the terms of the [*Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3\.0 United States License*](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/).

This document was built on Wed 1 Jul 2015 12:30:05 AEST