""" Class-Attention in Image Transformers (CaiT)

Paper: 'Going deeper with Image Transformers' - https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.17239

Original code and weights from https://github.com/facebookresearch/deit, copyright below

"""
# Copyright (c) 2015-present, Facebook, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
from copy import deepcopy

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from functools import partial

from timm.data import IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD
from .helpers import build_model_with_cfg, overlay_external_default_cfg
from .layers import PatchEmbed, Mlp, DropPath, trunc_normal_
from .registry import register_model


__all__ = ['Cait', 'ClassAttn', 'LayerScaleBlockClassAttn', 'LayerScaleBlock', 'TalkingHeadAttn']


def _cfg(url='', **kwargs):
    return {
        'url': url,
        'num_classes': 1000, 'input_size': (3, 384, 384), 'pool_size': None,
        'crop_pct': 1.0, 'interpolation': 'bicubic', 'fixed_input_size': True,
        'mean': IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, 'std': IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD,
        'first_conv': 'patch_embed.proj', 'classifier': 'head',
        **kwargs
    }


default_cfgs = dict(
    cait_xxs24_224=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/XXS24_224.pth',
        input_size=(3, 224, 224),
    ),
    cait_xxs24_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/XXS24_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_xxs36_224=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/XXS36_224.pth',
        input_size=(3, 224, 224),
    ),
    cait_xxs36_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/XXS36_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_xs24_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/XS24_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_s24_224=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/S24_224.pth',
        input_size=(3, 224, 224),
    ),
    cait_s24_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/S24_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_s36_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/S36_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_m36_384=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/M36_384.pth',
    ),
    cait_m48_448=_cfg(
        url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/M48_448.pth',
        input_size=(3, 448, 448),
    ),
)


class ClassAttn(nn.Module):
    # taken from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
    # with slight modifications to do CA 
    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5

        self.q = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.k = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.v = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, N, C = x.shape
        q = self.q(x[:, 0]).unsqueeze(1).reshape(B, 1, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
        k = self.k(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)

        q = q * self.scale
        v = self.v(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)

        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        x_cls = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, 1, C)
        x_cls = self.proj(x_cls)
        x_cls = self.proj_drop(x_cls)

        return x_cls


class LayerScaleBlockClassAttn(nn.Module):
    # taken from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
    # with slight modifications to add CA and LayerScale
    def __init__(
            self, dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, drop=0., attn_drop=0.,
            drop_path=0., act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, attn_block=ClassAttn,
            mlp_block=Mlp, init_values=1e-4):
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = attn_block(
            dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale, attn_drop=attn_drop, proj_drop=drop)
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        self.mlp = mlp_block(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop)
        self.gamma_1 = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones((dim)), requires_grad=True)
        self.gamma_2 = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones((dim)), requires_grad=True)

    def forward(self, x, x_cls):
        u = torch.cat((x_cls, x), dim=1)
        x_cls = x_cls + self.drop_path(self.gamma_1 * self.attn(self.norm1(u)))
        x_cls = x_cls + self.drop_path(self.gamma_2 * self.mlp(self.norm2(x_cls)))
        return x_cls


class TalkingHeadAttn(nn.Module):
    # taken from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
    # with slight modifications to add Talking Heads Attention (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.02436v1.pdf)
    def __init__(self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.):
        super().__init__()

        self.num_heads = num_heads

        head_dim = dim // num_heads

        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)

        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)

        self.proj_l = nn.Linear(num_heads, num_heads)
        self.proj_w = nn.Linear(num_heads, num_heads)

        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, N, C = x.shape
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = qkv[0] * self.scale, qkv[1], qkv[2]

        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

        attn = self.proj_l(attn.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)

        attn = self.proj_w(attn.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x


class LayerScaleBlock(nn.Module):
    # taken from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
    # with slight modifications to add layerScale
    def __init__(
            self, dim, num_heads, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, drop=0., attn_drop=0.,
            drop_path=0., act_layer=nn.GELU, norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm, attn_block=TalkingHeadAttn,
            mlp_block=Mlp, init_values=1e-4):
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = attn_block(
            dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale, attn_drop=attn_drop, proj_drop=drop)
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        self.mlp = mlp_block(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop)
        self.gamma_1 = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones((dim)), requires_grad=True)
        self.gamma_2 = nn.Parameter(init_values * torch.ones((dim)), requires_grad=True)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.gamma_1 * self.attn(self.norm1(x)))
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.gamma_2 * self.mlp(self.norm2(x)))
        return x


class Cait(nn.Module):
    # taken from https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
    # with slight modifications to adapt to our cait models
    def __init__(
            self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_chans=3, num_classes=1000, embed_dim=768, depth=12,
            num_heads=12, mlp_ratio=4., qkv_bias=True, qk_scale=None, drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0.,
            drop_path_rate=0.,
            norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
            global_pool=None,
            block_layers=LayerScaleBlock,
            block_layers_token=LayerScaleBlockClassAttn,
            patch_layer=PatchEmbed,
            act_layer=nn.GELU,
            attn_block=TalkingHeadAttn,
            mlp_block=Mlp,
            init_scale=1e-4,
            attn_block_token_only=ClassAttn,
            mlp_block_token_only=Mlp,
            depth_token_only=2,
            mlp_ratio_clstk=4.0
    ):
        super().__init__()

        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_features = self.embed_dim = embed_dim

        self.patch_embed = patch_layer(
            img_size=img_size, patch_size=patch_size, in_chans=in_chans, embed_dim=embed_dim)

        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches

        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim))
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches, embed_dim))
        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)

        dpr = [drop_path_rate for i in range(depth)]
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([
            block_layers(
                dim=embed_dim, num_heads=num_heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                drop=drop_rate, attn_drop=attn_drop_rate, drop_path=dpr[i], norm_layer=norm_layer,
                act_layer=act_layer, attn_block=attn_block, mlp_block=mlp_block, init_values=init_scale)
            for i in range(depth)])

        self.blocks_token_only = nn.ModuleList([
            block_layers_token(
                dim=embed_dim, num_heads=num_heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio_clstk, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                drop=0.0, attn_drop=0.0, drop_path=0.0, norm_layer=norm_layer,
                act_layer=act_layer, attn_block=attn_block_token_only,
                mlp_block=mlp_block_token_only, init_values=init_scale)
            for i in range(depth_token_only)])

        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim)

        self.feature_info = [dict(num_chs=embed_dim, reduction=0, module='head')]
        self.head = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()

        trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=.02)
        trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=.02)
        self.apply(self._init_weights)

    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=.02)
            if isinstance(m, nn.Linear) and m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    @torch.jit.ignore
    def no_weight_decay(self):
        return {'pos_embed', 'cls_token'}

    def forward_features(self, x):
        B = x.shape[0]
        x = self.patch_embed(x)

        cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(B, -1, -1)

        x = x + self.pos_embed
        x = self.pos_drop(x)

        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
            x = blk(x)

        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks_token_only):
            cls_tokens = blk(x, cls_tokens)

        x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1)

        x = self.norm(x)
        return x[:, 0]

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.forward_features(x)
        x = self.head(x)

        return x


def checkpoint_filter_fn(state_dict, model=None):
    if 'model' in state_dict:
        state_dict = state_dict['model']
    checkpoint_no_module = {}
    for k, v in state_dict.items():
        checkpoint_no_module[k.replace('module.', '')] = v
    return checkpoint_no_module


def _create_cait(variant, pretrained=False, default_cfg=None, **kwargs):
    if default_cfg is None:
        default_cfg = deepcopy(default_cfgs[variant])
    overlay_external_default_cfg(default_cfg, kwargs)
    default_num_classes = default_cfg['num_classes']
    default_img_size = default_cfg['input_size'][-2:]
    num_classes = kwargs.pop('num_classes', default_num_classes)
    img_size = kwargs.pop('img_size', default_img_size)

    if kwargs.get('features_only', None):
        raise RuntimeError('features_only not implemented for Vision Transformer models.')

    model = build_model_with_cfg(
        Cait, variant, pretrained,
        default_cfg=default_cfg,
        img_size=img_size,
        num_classes=num_classes,
        pretrained_filter_fn=checkpoint_filter_fn,
        **kwargs)

    return model


@register_model
def cait_xxs24_224(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=192, depth=24, num_heads=4, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_xxs24_224', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_xxs24_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=192, depth=24, num_heads=4, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_xxs24_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_xxs36_224(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=192, depth=36, num_heads=4, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_xxs36_224', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_xxs36_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=192, depth=36, num_heads=4, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_xxs36_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_xs24_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=288, depth=24, num_heads=6, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_xs24_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_s24_224(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=384, depth=24, num_heads=8, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_s24_224', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_s24_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=384, depth=24, num_heads=8, init_scale=1e-5, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_s24_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_s36_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=384, depth=36, num_heads=8, init_scale=1e-6, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_s36_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_m36_384(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=768, depth=36, num_heads=16, init_scale=1e-6, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_m36_384', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model


@register_model
def cait_m48_448(pretrained=False, **kwargs):
    model_args = dict(patch_size=16, embed_dim=768, depth=48, num_heads=16, init_scale=1e-6, **kwargs)
    model = _create_cait('cait_m48_448', pretrained=pretrained, **model_args)
    return model
