## 题目地址 https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum/description/ ## 题目描述 ``` Given an array nums of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in nums such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero. Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets. Example: Given array nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4], A solution set is: [ [-1, 0, 1], [-1, -1, 2] ] ``` ## 思路 我们采用`分治`的思想. 想要找出三个数相加等于0,我们可以数组依次遍历, 每一项a[i]我们都认为它是最终能够用组成0中的一个数字,那么我们的目标就是找到 剩下的元素(除a[i])`两个`相加等于-a[i]. 通过上面的思路,我们的问题转化为了`给定一个数组,找出其中两个相加等于给定值`, 这个问题是比较简单的, 我们只需要对数组进行排序,然后双指针解决即可。 加上我们需要外层遍历依次数组,因此总的时间复杂度应该是O(N^2)。 思路如图所示: ![15.3-sum](../assets/problems/15.3-sum.png) > 在这里之所以要排序解决是因为, 我们算法的瓶颈在这里不在于排序,而在于O(N^2),如果我们瓶颈是排序,就可以考虑别的方式了 > 如果找某一个特定元素,一个指针就够了。如果是找两个元素满足一定关系(比如求和等于特定值),需要双指针, 当然前提是数组有序。 ## 关键点解析 - 排序之后,用双指针 - 分治 ## 代码 ```js /* * @lc app=leetcode id=15 lang=javascript * * [15] 3Sum * * https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum/description/ * * algorithms * Medium (23.51%) * Total Accepted: 531.5K * Total Submissions: 2.2M * Testcase Example: '[-1,0,1,2,-1,-4]' * * Given an array nums of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in nums such * that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the * sum of zero. * * Note: * * The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets. * * Example: * * * Given array nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4], * * A solution set is: * [ * ⁠ [-1, 0, 1], * ⁠ [-1, -1, 2] * ] * * */ /** * @param {number[]} nums * @return {number[][]} */ var threeSum = function(nums) { if (nums.length < 3) return []; const list = []; nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { // skip duplicated result without set if (i > 0 && nums[i] === nums[i - 1]) continue; let left = i; let right = nums.length - 1; // for each index i // we want to find the triplet [i, left, right] which sum to 0 while (left < right) { // skip i === left or i === right, in that case, the index i will be used twice if (left === i) { left++; } else if (right === i) { right--; } else if (nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] === 0) { list.push([nums[left], nums[right], nums[i]]); // skip duplicated result without set while(nums[left] === nums[left + 1]) { left++; } left++; // skip duplicated result without set while(nums[right] === nums[right - 1]) { right--; } right--; continue; } else if (nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i] > 0) { right--; } else { left++; } } } return list; }; ```