/*
 * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.transaction.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AdviceMode;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

/**
 * Enables Spring's annotation-driven transaction management capability, similar to
 * the support found in Spring's {@code <tx:*>} XML namespace. To be used
 * on @{@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration Configuration} classes
 * as follows:
 * <pre class="code">
 * &#064;Configuration
 * &#064;EnableTransactionManagement
 * public class AppConfig {
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public FooRepository fooRepository() {
 *         // configure and return a class having &#064;Transactional methods
 *         return new JdbcFooRepository(dataSource());
 *     }
 *
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public DataSource dataSource() {
 *         // configure and return the necessary JDBC DataSource
 *     }
 *
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public PlatformTransactionManager txManager() {
 *         return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());
 *     }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>For reference, the example above can be compared to the following Spring XML
 * configuration:
 * <pre class="code">
 * {@code
 * <beans>
 *     <tx:annotation-driven/>
 *     <bean id="fooRepository" class="com.foo.JdbcFooRepository">
 *         <constructor-arg ref="dataSource"/>
 *     </bean>
 *     <bean id="dataSource" class="com.vendor.VendorDataSource"/>
 *     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.sfwk...DataSourceTransactionManager">
 *         <constructor-arg ref="dataSource"/>
 *     </bean>
 * </beans>
 * }</pre>
 * In both of the scenarios above, {@code @EnableTransactionManagement} and {@code
 * <tx:annotation-driven/>} are responsible for registering the necessary Spring
 * components that power annotation-driven transaction management, such as the
 * TransactionInterceptor and the proxy- or AspectJ-based advice that weave the
 * interceptor into the call stack when {@code JdbcFooRepository}'s {@code @Transactional}
 * methods are invoked.
 *
 * <p>A minor difference between the two examples lies in the naming of the {@code
 * PlatformTransactionManager} bean: In the {@code @Bean} case, the name is
 * <em>"txManager"</em> (per the name of the method); in the XML case, the name is
 * <em>"transactionManager"</em>. The {@code <tx:annotation-driven/>} is hard-wired to
 * look for a bean named "transactionManager" by default, however
 * {@code @EnableTransactionManagement} is more flexible; it will fall back to a by-type
 * lookup for any {@code PlatformTransactionManager} bean in the container. Thus the name
 * can be "txManager", "transactionManager", or "tm": it simply does not matter.
 *
 * <p>For those that wish to establish a more direct relationship between
 * {@code @EnableTransactionManagement} and the exact transaction manager bean to be used,
 * the {@link TransactionManagementConfigurer} callback interface may be implemented -
 * notice the {@code implements} clause and the {@code @Override}-annotated method below:
 * <pre class="code">
 * &#064;Configuration
 * &#064;EnableTransactionManagement
 * public class AppConfig implements TransactionManagementConfigurer {
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public FooRepository fooRepository() {
 *         // configure and return a class having &#064;Transactional methods
 *         return new JdbcFooRepository(dataSource());
 *     }
 *
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public DataSource dataSource() {
 *         // configure and return the necessary JDBC DataSource
 *     }
 *
 *     &#064;Bean
 *     public PlatformTransactionManager txManager() {
 *         return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());
 *     }
 *
 *     &#064;Override
 *     public PlatformTransactionManager annotationDrivenTransactionManager() {
 *         return txManager();
 *     }
 * }</pre>
 * This approach may be desirable simply because it is more explicit, or it may be
 * necessary in order to distinguish between two {@code PlatformTransactionManager} beans
 * present in the same container.  As the name suggests, the
 * {@code annotationDrivenTransactionManager()} will be the one used for processing
 * {@code @Transactional} methods. See {@link TransactionManagementConfigurer} Javadoc
 * for further details.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #mode()} attribute controls how advice is applied; if the mode is
 * {@link AdviceMode#PROXY} (the default), then the other attributes control the behavior
 * of the proxying.
 *
 * <p>If the {@linkplain #mode} is set to {@link AdviceMode#ASPECTJ}, then the
 * {@link #proxyTargetClass()} attribute is obsolete. Note also that in this case the
 * {@code spring-aspects} module JAR must be present on the classpath.
 *
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 3.1
 * @see TransactionManagementConfigurer
 * @see TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector
 * @see ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.aspectj.AspectJTransactionManagementConfiguration
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {

	/**
	 * Indicate whether subclass-based (CGLIB) proxies are to be created ({@code true}) as
	 * opposed to standard Java interface-based proxies ({@code false}). The default is
	 * {@code false}. <strong>Applicable only if {@link #mode()} is set to
	 * {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}</strong>.
	 *
	 * <p>Note that setting this attribute to {@code true} will affect <em>all</em>
	 * Spring-managed beans requiring proxying, not just those marked with
	 * {@code @Transactional}. For example, other beans marked with Spring's
	 * {@code @Async} annotation will be upgraded to subclass proxying at the same
	 * time. This approach has no negative impact in practice unless one is explicitly
	 * expecting one type of proxy vs another, e.g. in tests.
	 */
	boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;

	/**
	 * Indicate how transactional advice should be applied. The default is
	 * {@link AdviceMode#PROXY}.
	 * @see AdviceMode
	 */
	AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;

	/**
	 * Indicate the ordering of the execution of the transaction advisor
	 * when multiple advices are applied at a specific joinpoint.
	 * The default is {@link Ordered#LOWEST_PRECEDENCE}.
	 */
	int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
