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        <h1 id="概述"><a href="#概述" class="headerlink" title="概述"></a>概述</h1><p>    近来发现，之前学习过、实践过的东西，要用的时候经常一时想不起来。习惯性添加进谷歌浏览器的书签，也会因为对方博客文章删除等无法继续看到。特别的是，部署一个东西需要看几个网上资源才可以完成，书签列表越来越长，难以维护。为此，觉得还是很有必要通过写博客的方式进行分类记录，也方便分享经验。本着<code>能折腾就不闲着</code>的宗旨，在网上查阅有关资料后，决定在<strong>GitHub</strong>上搭建<strong>Hexo</strong>个人博客，顺便学习使用<strong>Markdown</strong>。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h1 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h1><h2 id="安装Git"><a href="#安装Git" class="headerlink" title="安装Git"></a>安装<strong>Git</strong></h2><p>    在<strong>Git</strong>的官方<a href="https://git-scm.com/downloads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">下载地址</a>上，选择要安装平台的安装文件进行安装</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-111152.jpg" alt="Git官方下载地址截图"></p>
<p>    上述图片是在Mac OS上访问网页的截图，官网一般会自动检测当前电脑的系统，如果是Windows上浏览网页右侧显示会略有不同，当然也可以在Downloads下选择特定平台的版本安装文件。</p>
<h2 id="安装Node-js"><a href="#安装Node-js" class="headerlink" title="安装Node.js"></a>安装<strong>Node.js</strong></h2><p>    在<strong>Node.js</strong>的官方<a href="https://nodejs.org/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">下载地址</a>上，选择要安装平台的安装文件进行安装</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-114433.jpg" alt="Node.js官方下载地址截图"></p>
<p>    这里我选择的是12.16.3 LTS版本进行安装。</p>
<h1 id="安装Hexo"><a href="#安装Hexo" class="headerlink" title="安装Hexo"></a>安装Hexo</h1><h2 id="执行安装命令"><a href="#执行安装命令" class="headerlink" title="执行安装命令"></a>执行安装命令</h2><p>    在命令行执行以下命令(Mac、Linux下需要加上sudo权限)</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ npm install -g hexo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="初始化网站"><a href="#初始化网站" class="headerlink" title="初始化网站"></a>初始化网站</h2><p>    在磁盘上创建好一个文件夹(本文章文件夹名为blog)，用于保存网站文件，并切换到文件夹后，执行一下命令</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="built_in">cd</span> blog</span><br><span class="line">$ hexo init</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="生成默认网页"><a href="#生成默认网页" class="headerlink" title="生成默认网页"></a>生成默认网页</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo generate <span class="comment"># 也可以简写为 hexo g</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="启动本地预览服务"><a href="#启动本地预览服务" class="headerlink" title="启动本地预览服务"></a>启动本地预览服务</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo server <span class="comment"># 也可以简写为 hexo s</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    默认的本地预览服务地址为 <a href="http://localhost:4000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:4000</a> ，需要先确保端口4000没有被占用，以免影响访问网页。不出意外，在浏览器上可以看到如下默认网页。</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-205440.jpg" alt="Hexo博客默认主题Hello World页面"></p>
<h2 id="修改主题"><a href="#修改主题" class="headerlink" title="修改主题"></a>修改主题</h2><p>    如果对默认主题风格不满意，可以在hexo的<a href="https://hexo.io/themes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官网</a>上寻找自己喜欢的主题，并下载到theme目录下面。本博客使用的是NexT主题，可执行如下代码下载</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next themes/next <span class="comment"># 若通过git clone下载，后续如果修改了主题配置，则无法提交修改后子模块源码到GitHub，建议下载后手动拷贝到themes文件夹下</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    在 Hexo 中有两份主要的配置文件，其名称都是 <code>_config.yml</code>。 其中，一份位于站点根目录下，主要包含 Hexo 本身的配置；另一份位于主题目录下，这份配置由主题作者提供，主要用于配置主题相关的选项。</p>
<p>    为了描述方便，在以下说明中，将前者称为 <strong>站点配置文件</strong>， 后者称为 <strong>主题配置文件</strong>。打开 <strong>站点配置文件</strong>， 找到 <code>theme</code> 字段，并将其值更改为 <code>next</code>,以启用 NexT 主题</p>
<blockquote>
<p>theme: next</p>
</blockquote>
<p>    在切换主题之后、验证之前， 我们最好使用 <code>hexo clean</code> 来清除 Hexo 的缓存。重新执行<code>hexo g</code>和<code>hexo s</code>即可查看应用新主题后的默认网页。</p>
<h1 id="部署到GitHub"><a href="#部署到GitHub" class="headerlink" title="部署到GitHub"></a>部署到GitHub</h1><h2 id="配置免密SSH登陆"><a href="#配置免密SSH登陆" class="headerlink" title="配置免密SSH登陆"></a>配置免密SSH登陆</h2><p>    由于Hexo博客文章是通过提交代码实现，所以需要拥有github传输权限，但是直接使用用户名和密码不够安全，所以我们使用SSH Key来解决本地和服务器的连接问题。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="built_in">cd</span> ~/.ssh </span><br><span class="line">$ ls <span class="comment">#检查本机已存在的ssh密钥</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    如果没有任何结果，说明你是第一次使用git；如果仅有known_hosts文件，没有包含<code>id_rsa</code>字样文件，则需要创建SSH Key：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C <span class="string">"邮件地址"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    然后连续3次回车(默认不添加密码)，最终会生成两个文件(<code>id_rsa</code>和<code>id_rsa.pub</code>)在用户目录下，打开用户目录，找到<code>.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code>文件，执行</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ cat id_rsa.pub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    并复制里面的内容(<code>ssh-rsa</code>开头、你输入的<code>邮件地址</code>内容结尾)，打开你的github主页，进入Settings -&gt; SSH and GPG keys -&gt; New SSH key：</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-193801.jpg" alt="SSH配置截图"></p>
<p>    将刚复制的内容粘贴到Key那里，Title按实际需要填写内容，保存后测试是否配置成功。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ ssh -T git@github.com <span class="comment">#注意地址不用改</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    如果提示<code>Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?</code>，输入yes，如果返回如下信息，说明SSH已配置成功：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hi XXX! You’ve successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="创建个人主页仓库"><a href="#创建个人主页仓库" class="headerlink" title="创建个人主页仓库"></a>创建个人主页仓库</h2><p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-202952.jpg" alt="创建Github仓库截图"></p>
<p>    这里需要注意的是，仓库名字格式为<code>xxx.github.io</code>，且前缀需要和Username一致，如果你的github账户名为blog，那么对应的的仓库名为blog.github.io。新建成功后，复制SSH地址。</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-config/20200503-203256.jpg" alt="SSH地址截图"></p>
<h2 id="绑定个人域名-可选"><a href="#绑定个人域名-可选" class="headerlink" title="绑定个人域名(可选)"></a>绑定个人域名(可选)</h2><p>    如果不绑定域名，只能通过默认的 <code>xxx.github.io</code> 来访问，如果你想更个性一点，可以在阿里云上注册一个域名(需要实名认证)，并到控制台-&gt;域名-&gt;解析-&gt;解析设置-&gt;添加记录。</p>
<p>    域名解析配置最常见有2种方式，CNAME和A记录，CNAME填写域名，A记录填写IP，由于不带www方式只能采用A记录，所以必须先ping一下<code>你Username.github.io</code>的IP，然后到你的域名DNS设置页，将A记录指向你ping得到的IP，将CNAME指向<code>Username.github.io</code>，这样可以保证无论是否添加www都可以访问，如下所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-200236.jpg" alt="域名解析设置截图"></p>
<p>    此时需要到仓库下面，选择<code>Settings</code>-&gt;<code>options</code>，并下拉滚动条到<strong>GitHub Pages</strong>-&gt;<code>Custom domain</code>内填写上你的个人域名地址，如下所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-200812.jpg" alt="GitHub Pages配置截图"></p>
<p>    可以开启<strong>Enforce HTTPS</strong>，个人页面Github会自动添加HTTPS证书，不会提示连接不安全的问题。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>此时还不能直接通过域名验证，由于阿里云免费的域名解析需要10分钟时间才能完全同步，且Github会自动申请添加HTTPS证书，需要一定时间。建议等待十分钟后，再查看是否可以正常访问。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="上传Hexo生成的博客"><a href="#上传Hexo生成的博客" class="headerlink" title="上传Hexo生成的博客"></a>上传Hexo生成的博客</h2><p>    hexo可以通过命令直接上传到git，但需要安装一个插件：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ npm install hexo-deployer-git --save</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    安装后，打开<strong>站点配置文件</strong>，找到<code>deploy</code>部分，修改<code>repository</code>项内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">deploy:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="attr">type:</span> <span class="string">git</span>  </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="attr">repository:</span> <span class="string">git@github.com:Username/Username.github.io.git</span>  </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="attr">branch:</span> <span class="string">master</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    此时，到blog下输入</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo deploy <span class="comment"># 也可以简写为 hexo d</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    就会将本次有改动的代码全部提交到<code>master</code>:</p>
<p><img src="https://alderaan.xyz/2020/05/03/hexo-install-and-deploy/20200503-202546.jpg" alt="hexo d命令结果截图"></p>
<h2 id="上传Hexo博客源码-可选"><a href="#上传Hexo博客源码-可选" class="headerlink" title="上传Hexo博客源码(可选)"></a>上传Hexo博客源码(可选)</h2><p>    为方便在MacOS、Windows不同电脑上随时编辑博客，且防止当前电脑故障，导致找不到Hexo配置及博文原始md文件，可以在存放Hexo博客生成的页面上创建一个新分支source，用于专门提交博客源码。</p>
<p>    操作步骤如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="built_in">cd</span> blog <span class="comment"># 切换到博客文件夹下</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git init <span class="comment"># 初始化git</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git remote add origin https://github.com/Username/Username.github.io.git <span class="comment"># 替换为你实际的git地址</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git checkout -b <span class="built_in">source</span> <span class="comment"># 创建并切换到新分支source</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git add . <span class="comment"># 添加当前所有文件(Hexo博客源码自带上传规则，会自动排出public等博客会自动生成的文件)</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git commit -m <span class="string">"your description"</span> <span class="comment"># 添加提交版本描述</span></span><br><span class="line">$ git push origin <span class="built_in">source</span> <span class="comment">#提交Hexo博客源码到source分支</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>    由于<strong>站点配置文件</strong>指定了上传博客网页的是master分支，所以提交Hexo博客源码切换的<code>source</code>分支，不会影响到<code>hexo d</code>的正常提交，两者互不冲突。</p>
<p>    至此，Hexo博客的安装部署工作已经完成！</p>

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