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<ul>
<li><a href="#jenkins-home-介绍">JENKINS_HOME 介绍</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验环境介绍">实验环境介绍</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验1-创建任务">实验1：创建任务</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验2-任务结果可见性">实验2：任务结果可见性</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验3-两-master-同时执行同一任务">实验3：两 master 同时执行同一任务</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验4-编辑任务">实验4：编辑任务</a></li>
<li><a href="#实验5-定时任务的结果是什么">实验5：定时任务的结果是什么？</a></li>
<li><a href="#小结">小结</a></li>
<li><a href="#附录">附录</a></li>
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  <h1 class="lh-title mb3 mv0 pt3 primary-color-dark">关于 Jenkins master 共享 JENKINS_HOME 目录的实验</h1>
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      你觉得能通过共享 JENKINS_HOME 目录实现 Jenkins master 的高可用吗？
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<blockquote>
<p>审校：<a href="https://github.com/donhui">王冬辉</a>，<a href="https://github.com/LinuxSuRen">linuxsuren</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>Jenkins master 的高可用是个老大难的问题。和很多人一样，笔者也想过两个 Jenkins master 共享同一个 JENKINS_HOME 的方案。了解 Jenkins 原理的人，都会觉得这个方案不可行。但是真的不可行吗？</p>

<p>由于工作原因，笔者需要亲自验证以上猜想。</p>

<h3 id="jenkins-home-介绍">JENKINS_HOME 介绍</h3>

<p>Jenkins 所有状态数据都存放文件系统的目录中，这个目录被称为 JENKINS_HOME 目录。</p>

<h3 id="实验环境介绍">实验环境介绍</h3>

<p>笔者通过 Docker compose 启动两个独立的 Jenkins master，分别为 jenkins-a 和 jenkins-b。它们共用同一个 JENKINS_HOME 目录。相应的代码仓库的链接放在文章底部。</p>

<p>将代码克隆到本地后，进入仓库，执行 <code>docker-compose up -d</code> 即可启动实验环境。启动完成，在浏览器中输入 <a href="http://localhost:7088">http://localhost:7088</a> 可访问 jenkins-a，jenkins-b 的地址是 <a href="http://localhost:7089">http://localhost:7089</a> 。但是你会发现它们启动后的界面显示是不一样的。</p>

<p>jenkins-b 的界面如下图所示：</p>

<p><img src="../../../images/articles/2019/04/2019-04-23-jenkins-master-shared-home/292372-fd4b85d5b9c8bdf6.png" alt="" /></p>

<p>而 jenkins-a 的界面如下图所示：</p>

<p><img src="../../../images/articles/2019/04/2019-04-23-jenkins-master-shared-home/292372-1bfd4e033b6c25c8.png" alt="" /></p>

<p>这时，将 jenkins-a 日志中的解锁密码（Unlock password）输入到 jenkins-b 的页面中，会得到报错信息：</p>

<pre><code>ERROR: The password entered is incorrect, please check the file for the correct password
</code></pre>

<p>这时，再次 jenkins-b 日志中的解锁密码（Unlock password）输入到表单中即可进入下一步。接下来就是按照提示一步步完成了。在 jenkins-b 安装步骤的最后一步，我们设置了管理员的用户名密码：admin/admin。然后就算完成任务了。</p>

<p>然后我们再在 jenkins-a 使用 admin/admin 进行登录，登录是报错的：用户密码不正确。</p>

<p>接下来，执行 <code>docker-compose restart jenkins-a</code> 命令重启 jenkins-a。再次使用 admin/admin 就可以登录成功了。</p>

<p>当两个 Jenkins 启动完成后，接下来开始做实验。</p>

<h3 id="实验1-创建任务">实验1：创建任务</h3>

<p>在 jenkins-a 创建任务 x，刷新 jenkins-b 的页面，jenkins-b 上会不会显示出任务 x ？</p>

<p>结果：jenkins-b 不会出现任务 x。重启 jenkins-b 后，任务 x 出现在任务列表中。</p>

<h3 id="实验2-任务结果可见性">实验2：任务结果可见性</h3>

<p>jenkins-a 上任务执行，jenkins-b 上能否看到任务执行结果？</p>

<p>jenkins-a 执行任务 x，并且执行成功。刷新 jenkins-b 看不到任何执行记录。重启 jenkins-b 后，可看到执行记录。</p>

<h3 id="实验3-两-master-同时执行同一任务">实验3：两 master 同时执行同一任务</h3>

<p>分别在两个 Jenkins master 上（几乎）开始同一个任务 x。其中一个任务的 build number 会更新，但是另一个不会。</p>

<p>其中 jenkins-a 任务 x 的 build number 会升到 2，而 jenkins-b 保持的是 1。这时，单独执行 jenkins-b 的任务 x，日志会出现错误：</p>

<pre><code>jenkins-b_1  | WARNING: A new build could not be created in job x
jenkins-b_1  | java.lang.IllegalStateException: JENKINS-23152: /var/jenkins_home/jobs/x/builds/2 already existed; will not overwrite with x #2
</code></pre>

<h3 id="实验4-编辑任务">实验4：编辑任务</h3>

<p>jenkins-a 上设置任务 x 定时执行，刷新 jenkins-b 页面，任务 x 中并没有定时执行的设置。重启 jenkins-b 后，任务 x 更新。</p>

<h3 id="实验5-定时任务的结果是什么">实验5：定时任务的结果是什么？</h3>

<p>如果 jenkins-a 和 jenkins-b 两个任务均为定时任务，而且都生效了。它们运行结果是什么的呢？</p>

<p>看到的现象是，两个任务都会按时执行，但是只有一个任务能将运行结果写入到磁盘中。界面如下图：</p>

<p><img src="../../../images/articles/2019/04/2019-04-23-jenkins-master-shared-home/292372-38c7a7f8aade0793.png" alt="" /></p>

<p>另，从日志中，可以确认 jenkins-a 和 jenkins-b 确实按时执行了。如下图日志中，看出 jenkins-a 定时执行 #6 次构建时报错，因为 jenkins-b 已经执行过 #6 次构建了：</p>

<p><img src="../../../images/articles/2019/04/2019-04-23-jenkins-master-shared-home/292372-55e80e61f0d36dfb.png" alt="" /></p>

<h3 id="小结">小结</h3>

<p>可以确认的是，当两个 Jenkins 进程共用同一个 JENKINS_HOME 目录时，其中一个 Jenkins 进程更新了 JENKINS_HOME 的内容，另一个是不会实时更新的。所以，同时启动两个 Jenkins master 共用同一个 JENKINS_HOME 的方案是不可行的。我们不能在 jenkins-a 挂了后，直接将流量切到 jenkins-b。因为 jenkins-b 必须重启。</p>

<p>最后结论：多个 Jenkins master 共享同一个 JENKINS_HOME 的方案是无法使用 Jenkins master 的高可用。</p>

<h3 id="附录">附录</h3>

<ul>
<li>Jenkins standby 实验环境：<a href="https://github.com/zacker330/jenkins-standby-experiment">https://github.com/zacker330/jenkins-standby-experiment</a></li>
</ul>

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    “关于 Jenkins master 共享 JENKINS_HOME 目录的实验”
  </a> 更新于：April 23, 2019
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    原文作者：<a href="" target="_blank">zacker330</a>
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