管理系统服务.md

# 管理系统服务<a name="ZH-CN_TOPIC_0182317339"></a>

systemd提供systemctl命令来运行、关闭、重启、显示、启用/禁用系统服务。

## sysvinit命令和systemd命令<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_sa1cb3f4c928e4182af3a3919aa66a0ea"></a>

systemd提供systemctl命令与sysvinit命令的功能类似。当前版本中依然兼容service和chkconfig命令，相关说明如[表1](#zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ta7039963b0c74b909b72c22cbc9f2e28)，但建议用systemctl进行系统服务管理。

**表 1**  sysvinit命令和systemd命令的对照表

<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ta7039963b0c74b909b72c22cbc9f2e28"></a>
<table><thead align="left"><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_rfd1d35347f514aad968791e4f806aeae"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.1"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a28f83d4ce4004293a41179a86a5498d6"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a28f83d4ce4004293a41179a86a5498d6"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a28f83d4ce4004293a41179a86a5498d6"></a><strong id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afac6005087f84c69a4175c6d4aaa1630"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afac6005087f84c69a4175c6d4aaa1630"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afac6005087f84c69a4175c6d4aaa1630"></a>sysvinit命令</strong></p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.2"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3e59af7c25ab4c08b96205eebd7df00c"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3e59af7c25ab4c08b96205eebd7df00c"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3e59af7c25ab4c08b96205eebd7df00c"></a><strong id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a02383f260a6b43d7ae72362fe1845f92"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a02383f260a6b43d7ae72362fe1845f92"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a02383f260a6b43d7ae72362fe1845f92"></a>systemd命令</strong></p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.3"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a045311be27aa4014afbe4159033e3ac2"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a045311be27aa4014afbe4159033e3ac2"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a045311be27aa4014afbe4159033e3ac2"></a><strong id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5fee977f7ce8485db5706e856ec7081d"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5fee977f7ce8485db5706e856ec7081d"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5fee977f7ce8485db5706e856ec7081d"></a>备注</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r2de0ab9c58c14fbb9df4fb27b6b2a6cb"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5a2e2e920ad842969ba0cfae30934767"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5a2e2e920ad842969ba0cfae30934767"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a5a2e2e920ad842969ba0cfae30934767"></a>service <span id="ph14591115171"><a name="ph14591115171"></a><a name="ph14591115171"></a><em id="i25691814141714"><a name="i25691814141714"></a><a name="i25691814141714"></a>network</em></span> start</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0990a28043f244f3a7c63159310ea5fc"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0990a28043f244f3a7c63159310ea5fc"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0990a28043f244f3a7c63159310ea5fc"></a>systemctl start <span id="ph347011919176"><a name="ph347011919176"></a><a name="ph347011919176"></a><em id="i1147010194173"><a name="i1147010194173"></a><a name="i1147010194173"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6f87a02ac1cb4b37845b6a91ba35eb02"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6f87a02ac1cb4b37845b6a91ba35eb02"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6f87a02ac1cb4b37845b6a91ba35eb02"></a>用来启动一个服务 (并不会重启现有的)。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r234d52fbaf2744e58e62737f22a62ee9"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a4d1be5b113c748b5a81a5898138d28d8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a4d1be5b113c748b5a81a5898138d28d8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a4d1be5b113c748b5a81a5898138d28d8"></a>service <span id="ph0603162191715"><a name="ph0603162191715"></a><a name="ph0603162191715"></a><em id="i76031221191716"><a name="i76031221191716"></a><a name="i76031221191716"></a>network</em></span> stop</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a44b1659e2bfd463da45b05e17f4d6021"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a44b1659e2bfd463da45b05e17f4d6021"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a44b1659e2bfd463da45b05e17f4d6021"></a>systemctl stop <span id="ph15761523121713"><a name="ph15761523121713"></a><a name="ph15761523121713"></a><em id="i1176117234177"><a name="i1176117234177"></a><a name="i1176117234177"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afada400adfde455aafcf5f45494e85cf"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afada400adfde455aafcf5f45494e85cf"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afada400adfde455aafcf5f45494e85cf"></a>用来停止一个服务 (并不会重启现有的)。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r7954bf07d8b24964a6fd9d102c0fbda8"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bcda643db174a779968a5ae5a9f7c18"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bcda643db174a779968a5ae5a9f7c18"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bcda643db174a779968a5ae5a9f7c18"></a>service <span id="ph514726191710"><a name="ph514726191710"></a><a name="ph514726191710"></a><em id="i314182613171"><a name="i314182613171"></a><a name="i314182613171"></a>network</em></span> restart</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac4319fcaf27b4960acc4025be401420d"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac4319fcaf27b4960acc4025be401420d"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac4319fcaf27b4960acc4025be401420d"></a>systemctl restart <span id="ph19763112781716"><a name="ph19763112781716"></a><a name="ph19763112781716"></a><em id="i2763627191712"><a name="i2763627191712"></a><a name="i2763627191712"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2b544d2a4b744822a7371b4c2d302fcd"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2b544d2a4b744822a7371b4c2d302fcd"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2b544d2a4b744822a7371b4c2d302fcd"></a>用来停止并启动一个服务。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r5fb05eeabf4743f6b95858329d896d77"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab4f282845e28411e8f96b6186b6db84b"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab4f282845e28411e8f96b6186b6db84b"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab4f282845e28411e8f96b6186b6db84b"></a>service <span id="ph1218310313175"><a name="ph1218310313175"></a><a name="ph1218310313175"></a><em id="i5183203114173"><a name="i5183203114173"></a><a name="i5183203114173"></a>network</em></span> reload</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abf350ef96d69405cae647284bfcf4ce2"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abf350ef96d69405cae647284bfcf4ce2"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abf350ef96d69405cae647284bfcf4ce2"></a>systemctl reload <span id="ph16981646181718"><a name="ph16981646181718"></a><a name="ph16981646181718"></a><em id="i8989468178"><a name="i8989468178"></a><a name="i8989468178"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acf06a1fd807d49a796e2064a403448e1"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acf06a1fd807d49a796e2064a403448e1"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acf06a1fd807d49a796e2064a403448e1"></a>当支持时，重新装载配置文件而不中断等待操作。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_rd496143bec874f7b943e64194f84f21e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac09908e607dc41be9ca836fcc1239f84"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac09908e607dc41be9ca836fcc1239f84"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac09908e607dc41be9ca836fcc1239f84"></a>service <span id="ph9594125510176"><a name="ph9594125510176"></a><a name="ph9594125510176"></a><em id="i8594125511173"><a name="i8594125511173"></a><a name="i8594125511173"></a>network</em></span> condrestart</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af07ff7e0d19e4be2b48478bb7bc8d598"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af07ff7e0d19e4be2b48478bb7bc8d598"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af07ff7e0d19e4be2b48478bb7bc8d598"></a>systemctl condrestart <span id="ph106216761811"><a name="ph106216761811"></a><a name="ph106216761811"></a><em id="i1862127131818"><a name="i1862127131818"></a><a name="i1862127131818"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bdfc64d030a4b42bd585516423597c2"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bdfc64d030a4b42bd585516423597c2"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7bdfc64d030a4b42bd585516423597c2"></a>如果服务正在运行那么重启它。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r713e5d55a8f9431f9d3bd610a471a75b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3bfd99b1d31b49d78942a71f95a591b7"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3bfd99b1d31b49d78942a71f95a591b7"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a3bfd99b1d31b49d78942a71f95a591b7"></a>service <span id="ph13933131001812"><a name="ph13933131001812"></a><a name="ph13933131001812"></a><em id="i129331410101817"><a name="i129331410101817"></a><a name="i129331410101817"></a>network</em></span> status</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abcf4fcc5f3eb49e98177485d1e0fa8c8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abcf4fcc5f3eb49e98177485d1e0fa8c8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_abcf4fcc5f3eb49e98177485d1e0fa8c8"></a>systemctl status <span id="ph216717133188"><a name="ph216717133188"></a><a name="ph216717133188"></a><em id="i14167141311818"><a name="i14167141311818"></a><a name="i14167141311818"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2edbdadf7af149a785e7bb53e742957d"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2edbdadf7af149a785e7bb53e742957d"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2edbdadf7af149a785e7bb53e742957d"></a><span id="ph1531113452716"><a name="ph1531113452716"></a><a name="ph1531113452716"></a>检查</span>服务<span id="ph20809162283"><a name="ph20809162283"></a><a name="ph20809162283"></a>的</span>运行<span id="ph394695587"><a name="ph394695587"></a><a name="ph394695587"></a>状态</span>。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_rdbb2c99800964d3a939744820783d83e"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a532ae2e1fcee47c1b2c793af353c8497"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a532ae2e1fcee47c1b2c793af353c8497"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a532ae2e1fcee47c1b2c793af353c8497"></a>chkconfig <span id="ph1543141851814"><a name="ph1543141851814"></a><a name="ph1543141851814"></a><em id="i12543718141817"><a name="i12543718141817"></a><a name="i12543718141817"></a>network</em></span> on</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac70b593c72654611b5fb947cc4ce0be8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac70b593c72654611b5fb947cc4ce0be8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac70b593c72654611b5fb947cc4ce0be8"></a>systemctl enable <span id="ph1287512011812"><a name="ph1287512011812"></a><a name="ph1287512011812"></a><em id="i68755202187"><a name="i68755202187"></a><a name="i68755202187"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af0790cedca9e4ba6815f635b0ebbeaf0"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af0790cedca9e4ba6815f635b0ebbeaf0"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af0790cedca9e4ba6815f635b0ebbeaf0"></a>在下次启动时或满足其他触发条件时设置服务为启用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_rd68859dcb33542debd6ee8ad5156b36c"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a709258a9eeee403aa92657a02bf35217"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a709258a9eeee403aa92657a02bf35217"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a709258a9eeee403aa92657a02bf35217"></a>chkconfig <span id="ph1733872714188"><a name="ph1733872714188"></a><a name="ph1733872714188"></a><em id="i103391827191816"><a name="i103391827191816"></a><a name="i103391827191816"></a>network</em></span> off</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac33b4c8bd2f24d66b4e3b818331588b1"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac33b4c8bd2f24d66b4e3b818331588b1"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac33b4c8bd2f24d66b4e3b818331588b1"></a>systemctl disable <span id="ph8377183211187"><a name="ph8377183211187"></a><a name="ph8377183211187"></a><em id="i83771532111817"><a name="i83771532111817"></a><a name="i83771532111817"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1845b23447a9422993c7f35412d8bccd"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1845b23447a9422993c7f35412d8bccd"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1845b23447a9422993c7f35412d8bccd"></a>在下次启动时或满足其他触发条件时设置服务为禁用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r6e6a32f051694436a17223d750d3ca5d"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7100f90dea8e4aac9ebbd1046cfe1b61"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7100f90dea8e4aac9ebbd1046cfe1b61"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7100f90dea8e4aac9ebbd1046cfe1b61"></a>chkconfig <span id="ph2188133731811"><a name="ph2188133731811"></a><a name="ph2188133731811"></a><em id="i20188173712184"><a name="i20188173712184"></a><a name="i20188173712184"></a>network</em></span></p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1d84c3ad47164379a76dc7e895d8ec75"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1d84c3ad47164379a76dc7e895d8ec75"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a1d84c3ad47164379a76dc7e895d8ec75"></a>systemctl is-enabled <span id="ph79191839131813"><a name="ph79191839131813"></a><a name="ph79191839131813"></a><em id="i891911394186"><a name="i891911394186"></a><a name="i891911394186"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6443c2f5c45d46098389ce04d7c4d067"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6443c2f5c45d46098389ce04d7c4d067"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6443c2f5c45d46098389ce04d7c4d067"></a>用来检查一个服务在当前环境下被配置为启用还是禁用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r4714a5d93d1f4bb68bc6aad5119cffb1"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa363ce8663604d429955880c4d56dadb"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa363ce8663604d429955880c4d56dadb"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa363ce8663604d429955880c4d56dadb"></a>chkconfig --list</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a921188067f294d718d37be90122b8e9d"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a921188067f294d718d37be90122b8e9d"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a921188067f294d718d37be90122b8e9d"></a>systemctl list-unit-files --type=service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2575b1e1d82e42178cd3ffd724ffa6c8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2575b1e1d82e42178cd3ffd724ffa6c8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a2575b1e1d82e42178cd3ffd724ffa6c8"></a>输出在各个运行级别下服务的启用和禁用情况。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ref5860825d054488a966acab6382ccb3"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acd5c91b22ffe4cf5ab418a2d65820f02"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acd5c91b22ffe4cf5ab418a2d65820f02"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_acd5c91b22ffe4cf5ab418a2d65820f02"></a>chkconfig <span id="ph12765194351818"><a name="ph12765194351818"></a><a name="ph12765194351818"></a><em id="i187651543191814"><a name="i187651543191814"></a><a name="i187651543191814"></a>network</em></span> --list</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afa513e24075d4ca7bd2348451ea1d27b"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afa513e24075d4ca7bd2348451ea1d27b"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_afa513e24075d4ca7bd2348451ea1d27b"></a>ls /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/<span id="ph74001346151817"><a name="ph74001346151817"></a><a name="ph74001346151817"></a><em id="i7400164691813"><a name="i7400164691813"></a><a name="i7400164691813"></a>network</em></span>.service</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a75394896b43b4c6689ca601670afda3b"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a75394896b43b4c6689ca601670afda3b"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a75394896b43b4c6689ca601670afda3b"></a>用来列出该服务在哪些运行级别下启用和禁用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_rd6c7141c6da9413db38f999f2db4c6bc"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="30%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac75a48e757db42699bd3c7e801285334"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac75a48e757db42699bd3c7e801285334"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ac75a48e757db42699bd3c7e801285334"></a>chkconfig <span id="ph212265219189"><a name="ph212265219189"></a><a name="ph212265219189"></a><em id="i5122352111811"><a name="i5122352111811"></a><a name="i5122352111811"></a>network</em></span> --add</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="37%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab3f7243a981f4731bee057367493d1d3"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab3f7243a981f4731bee057367493d1d3"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ab3f7243a981f4731bee057367493d1d3"></a>systemctl daemon-reload</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af79feff246144baca76efe245350d793"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af79feff246144baca76efe245350d793"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_af79feff246144baca76efe245350d793"></a>当您创建新服务文件或者变更设置时使用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## 显示所有当前服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_s0fccdcfd34fa460cb4d11e30cd33ce3b"></a>

如果您需要显示当前正在运行的服务，使用命令如下：

```
systemctl list-units --type service
```

如果您需要显示所有的服务（包括未运行的服务），需要添加-all参数，使用命令如下：

```
systemctl list-units --type service --all
```

例如显示当前正在运行的服务，命令如下：

```
$ systemctl list-units --type service
UNIT                        LOAD   ACTIVE     SUB     JOB   DESCRIPTION  
atd.service                 loaded active     running       Deferred execution scheduler  
auditd.service              loaded active     running       Security Auditing Service  
avahi-daemon.service        loaded active     running       Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack  
chronyd.service             loaded active     running       NTP client/server  
crond.service               loaded active     running       Command Scheduler  
dbus.service                loaded active     running       D-Bus System Message Bus  
dracut-shutdown.service     loaded active     exited        Restore /run/initramfs on shutdown  
firewalld.service           loaded active     running       firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon  
getty@tty1.service          loaded active     running       Getty on tty1  
gssproxy.service            loaded active     running       GSSAPI Proxy Daemon  
irqbalance.service          loaded active     running       irqbalance daemon  
iscsid.service              loaded activating start   start Open-iSCSI
```

## 显示服务状态<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_sf3cbdd9a12bd4269865f0c4ed428cc85"></a>

如果您需要显示某个服务的状态，可执行如下命令：

```
systemctl status name.service
```

相关状态显示参数说明如[表2](#zh-cn_topic_0151920917_t36cd267d69244ed39ae06bb117ed8e62)所示。

**表 2**  状态参数说明

<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_t36cd267d69244ed39ae06bb117ed8e62"></a>
<table><thead align="left"><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r2bf0635c239b4bbeaf7bc4eb4d85459e"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.1"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a8dde4401e621448eab369aa9ade622e4"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a8dde4401e621448eab369aa9ade622e4"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a8dde4401e621448eab369aa9ade622e4"></a><strong id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aeb48f5ed5fcc432db880948d03758042"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aeb48f5ed5fcc432db880948d03758042"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aeb48f5ed5fcc432db880948d03758042"></a>参数</strong></p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.2"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a93c35017023145e4a3dd692445c4eb75"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a93c35017023145e4a3dd692445c4eb75"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a93c35017023145e4a3dd692445c4eb75"></a><strong id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6eb01563833b4c188f1f172504b51fa8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6eb01563833b4c188f1f172504b51fa8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a6eb01563833b4c188f1f172504b51fa8"></a>描述</strong></p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r2276fbc401e24f5e965a75e8ec40f61b"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a35d67ba3f4394bd5aee0cdba9f1b5462"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a35d67ba3f4394bd5aee0cdba9f1b5462"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a35d67ba3f4394bd5aee0cdba9f1b5462"></a>Loaded</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae54693b5ed144dd5ae89496a1c688eb0"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae54693b5ed144dd5ae89496a1c688eb0"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae54693b5ed144dd5ae89496a1c688eb0"></a>说明服务是否被加载，并显示服务对应的绝<span id="ph136921257153118"><a name="ph136921257153118"></a><a name="ph136921257153118"></a>对</span>路径以及是否启用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r72275c1194ff4dd593d77bf34620d7bd"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aba7f0a647fde4e12a202c0dd74d0c589"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aba7f0a647fde4e12a202c0dd74d0c589"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aba7f0a647fde4e12a202c0dd74d0c589"></a>Active</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0a0de97e681f4218bc2ab1b2192acf56"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0a0de97e681f4218bc2ab1b2192acf56"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a0a0de97e681f4218bc2ab1b2192acf56"></a>说明服务是否正在运行，并显示时间节点。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r5dea7cb1916a448da864f6d5ddaaed60"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae137d23b2f0f476fbfcfbf5042afcbf8"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae137d23b2f0f476fbfcfbf5042afcbf8"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_ae137d23b2f0f476fbfcfbf5042afcbf8"></a>Main PID</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7627b260b2c74e43b6be78acb9c9dd97"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7627b260b2c74e43b6be78acb9c9dd97"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a7627b260b2c74e43b6be78acb9c9dd97"></a>相应的系统服务的PID值。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_r67e18953b9624b95bd4884e28ef20376"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="19%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa122289518d847cea99e32c1d22ab121"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa122289518d847cea99e32c1d22ab121"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_aa122289518d847cea99e32c1d22ab121"></a>CGroup</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="81%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a668e34c741a44741929beeab402bf767"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a668e34c741a44741929beeab402bf767"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_a668e34c741a44741929beeab402bf767"></a>相关控制组（CGroup）的其他信息。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

如果您需要鉴别某个服务是否运行，可执行如下命令：

```
systemctl is-active name.service
```

is-active命令的返回结果如下：

**表 3**  is-active命令的返回结果

<a name="table157842227315"></a>
<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row878417221132"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.1"><p id="p1978432212315"><a name="p1978432212315"></a><a name="p1978432212315"></a>状态</p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.2"><p id="p878410225314"><a name="p878410225314"></a><a name="p878410225314"></a>含义</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="row87841522439"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p153819129412"><a name="p153819129412"></a><a name="p153819129412"></a>active(running)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p938116129415"><a name="p938116129415"></a><a name="p938116129415"></a>有一只或多只程序正在系统中执行</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row7784112217315"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p153829121246"><a name="p153829121246"></a><a name="p153829121246"></a>active(exited)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p103822012844"><a name="p103822012844"></a><a name="p103822012844"></a>仅执行一次就正常结束的服务，目前并没有任何程序在系统中执行。 举例来说，开机或者 是挂载时才会进行一次的 quotaon 功能</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row978416227312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p1838251219416"><a name="p1838251219416"></a><a name="p1838251219416"></a>active(waiting)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p23822129416"><a name="p23822129416"></a><a name="p23822129416"></a>正在执行当中，不过要等待其他的事件才能继续处理。例如：打印的队列相关服务 就是这种状态，虽然正在启动中，不过也需要真的有队列进来 (打印作业) 这样他才会继续唤醒打印机 服务来进行下一步打印的功能</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row10784102216316"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p13382171211418"><a name="p13382171211418"></a><a name="p13382171211418"></a>inactive</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="50%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p1338217126410"><a name="p1338217126410"></a><a name="p1338217126410"></a>这个服务没有运行</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

同样，如果您需要判断某个服务是否被启用，可执行如下命令：

```
systemctl is-enabled name.service
```

is-enabled命令的返回结果如下：

**表 4**  is-enabled命令的返回结果

<a name="table105177355318"></a>
<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row9517635538"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.1"><p id="p551716356313"><a name="p551716356313"></a><a name="p551716356313"></a>状态</p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.2"><p id="p1051716351935"><a name="p1051716351935"></a><a name="p1051716351935"></a>含义</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="row195171351134"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p165171351231"><a name="p165171351231"></a><a name="p165171351231"></a>"enabled"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p155175351731"><a name="p155175351731"></a><a name="p155175351731"></a>已经通过 /etc/systemd/system/ 目录下的 Alias= 别名、 .wants/ 或 .requires/ 软连接被永久启用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row95171335339"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p1951717351433"><a name="p1951717351433"></a><a name="p1951717351433"></a>"enabled-runtime"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p9517135835"><a name="p9517135835"></a><a name="p9517135835"></a>已经通过 /run/systemd/system/ 目录下的 Alias= 别名、 .wants/ 或 .requires/ 软连接被临时启用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row7517143515314"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p125176351137"><a name="p125176351137"></a><a name="p125176351137"></a>"linked"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p145171535934"><a name="p145171535934"></a><a name="p145171535934"></a>虽然单元文件本身不在标准单元目录中，但是指向此单元文件的一个或多个软连接已经存在于 /etc/systemd/system/ 永久目录中。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row125176351137"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p2051718353313"><a name="p2051718353313"></a><a name="p2051718353313"></a>"linked-runtime"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p115171835936"><a name="p115171835936"></a><a name="p115171835936"></a>虽然单元文件本身不在标准单元目录中，但是指向此单元文件的一个或多个软连接已经存在于 /run/systemd/system/ 临时目录中。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row851719352312"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p1651753520319"><a name="p1651753520319"></a><a name="p1651753520319"></a>"masked"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p25171351233"><a name="p25171351233"></a><a name="p25171351233"></a>已经被 /etc/systemd/system/ 目录永久屏蔽(软连接指向 /dev/null 文件)，因此 <strong id="b1842717120514"><a name="b1842717120514"></a><a name="b1842717120514"></a>start</strong> 操作会失败。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row551715351136"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p175178351334"><a name="p175178351334"></a><a name="p175178351334"></a>"masked-runtime"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p135171135138"><a name="p135171135138"></a><a name="p135171135138"></a>已经被 /run/systemd/systemd/ 目录临时屏蔽(软连接指向 /dev/null 文件)，因此 <strong id="b151231818857"><a name="b151231818857"></a><a name="b151231818857"></a>start</strong> 操作会失败。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row35171935533"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p751714351231"><a name="p751714351231"></a><a name="p751714351231"></a>"static"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p551718355313"><a name="p551718355313"></a><a name="p551718355313"></a>尚未被启用，并且单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中没有可用于 <strong id="b434102320518"><a name="b434102320518"></a><a name="b434102320518"></a>enable</strong> 命令的选项。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row1012314171440"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p131245179420"><a name="p131245179420"></a><a name="p131245179420"></a>"indirect"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p91241717648"><a name="p91241717648"></a><a name="p91241717648"></a>尚未被启用，但是单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中 Also= 选项的值列表非空(也就是列表中的某些单元可能已被启用)、或者它拥有一个不在 Also= 列表中的其他名称的别名软连接。对于模版单元来说，表示已经启用了一个不同于 DefaultInstance= 的实例。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row123141521241"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p831417211244"><a name="p831417211244"></a><a name="p831417211244"></a>"disabled"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p531419213418"><a name="p531419213418"></a><a name="p531419213418"></a>尚未被启用，但是单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中存在可用于 <strong id="b7155236854"><a name="b7155236854"></a><a name="b7155236854"></a>enable</strong> 命令的选项</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row173149216411"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p83159211343"><a name="p83159211343"></a><a name="p83159211343"></a>"generated"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p43151219416"><a name="p43151219416"></a><a name="p43151219416"></a>单元文件是被单元生成器动态生成的。被生成的单元文件可能并未被直接启用，而是被单元生成器隐含的启用了。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row37625251844"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p57620251419"><a name="p57620251419"></a><a name="p57620251419"></a>"transient"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p127638251244"><a name="p127638251244"></a><a name="p127638251244"></a>单元文件是被运行时API动态临时生成的。该临时单元可能并未被启用。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row57631925642"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="32.48%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p876316256412"><a name="p876316256412"></a><a name="p876316256412"></a>"bad"</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="67.52%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p187635255419"><a name="p187635255419"></a><a name="p187635255419"></a>单元文件不正确或者出现其他错误。 <strong id="b133269534515"><a name="b133269534515"></a><a name="b133269534515"></a>is-enabled</strong> 不会返回此状态，而是会显示一条出错信息。 <strong id="b332611531751"><a name="b332611531751"></a><a name="b332611531751"></a>list-unit-files</strong> 命令有可能会显示此单元。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

例如查看gdm.service服务状态，命令如下：

```
# systemctl status gdm.service
gdm.service - GNOME Display Manager   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service; enabled)   Active: active (running) since Thu 2013-10-17 17:31:23 CEST; 5min ago
 Main PID: 1029 (gdm)
   CGroup: /system.slice/gdm.service
           ├─1029 /usr/sbin/gdm
           ├─1037 /usr/libexec/gdm-simple-slave --display-id /org/gno...           └─1047 /usr/bin/Xorg :0 -background none -verbose -auth /r...Oct 17 17:31:23 localhost systemd[1]: Started GNOME Display Manager.
```

## 运行服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_s4c2ed790faf847c5b2467e4e9363ba6a"></a>

如果您需要运行某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：

```
systemctl start name.service
```

例如运行httpd服务，命令如下：

```
# systemctl start httpd.service
```

## 关闭服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_s7dcfbcb5bf1643789249229f3cebbaee"></a>

如果您需要关闭某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：

```
systemctl stop name.service
```

例如关闭蓝牙服务，命令如下：

```
# systemctl stop bluetooth.service
```

## 重启服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_s708055d7944d47f59ddb578aa4664362"></a>

如果您需要重启某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：

```
systemctl restart name.service
```

执行命令后，当前服务会被关闭，但马上重新启动。如果您指定的服务，当前处于关闭状态，执行命令后，服务也会被启动。

例如重启蓝牙服务，命令如下：

```
# systemctl restart bluetooth.service
```

## 启用服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_s3566e76fe89e430db5294c3a8b56dcd8"></a>

如果您需要在开机时启用某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：

```
systemctl enable name.service
```

例如设置httpd服务开机时启动，命令如下：

```
# systemctl enable httpd.service
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
```

## 禁用服务<a name="zh-cn_topic_0151920917_sb057673ccb8646fab3e4c72b4e037a62"></a>

如果您需要在开机时禁用某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：

```
systemctl disable name.service
```

例如在开机时禁用蓝牙服务启动，命令如下：

```
# systemctl disable bluetooth.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/bluetooth.target.wants/bluetooth.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.bluez.service.
```