RT2547: Tighten perms on generated privkey files

When generating a private key, try to make the output file be readable
only by the owner.  Put it in CHANGES file since it might be noticeable.

Add "int private" flag to apps that write private keys, and check that it's
set whenever we do write a private key.  Checked via assert so that this
bug (security-related) gets fixed.  Thanks to Viktor for help in tracing
the code-paths where private keys are written.
Reviewed-by: NViktor Dukhovni <viktor@openssl.org>

CHANGES

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@
      code and the associated standard is no longer considered fit-for-purpose.
      [Matt Caswell]
 
+  *) RT2547 was closed.  When generating a private key, try to make the
+     output file readable only by the owner.  This behavior change might
+     be noticeable when interacting with other software.
+
   *) Added HTTP GET support to the ocsp command.
      [Rich Salz]
 

apps/apps.c

@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #include <openssl/x509.h>
 #include <openssl/x509v3.h>

apps/apps.h

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
 # define HEADER_APPS_H
 
 # include "e_os.h"
+# include <assert.h>
 
 # include <openssl/bio.h>
 # include <openssl/x509.h>
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ extern BIO *bio_out;
 extern BIO *bio_err;
 BIO *dup_bio_in(void);
 BIO *dup_bio_out(void);
+BIO *bio_open_owner(const char *filename, const char *mode, int private);
 BIO *bio_open_default(const char *filename, const char *mode);
 BIO *bio_open_default_quiet(const char *filename, const char *mode);
 CONF *app_load_config(const char *filename);

apps/dsa.c

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ int dsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, text = 0, noout = 0;
     int i, modulus = 0, pubin = 0, pubout = 0, pvk_encr = 2, ret = 1;
+    int private = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, dsa_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -192,6 +193,9 @@ int dsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = pubin || pubout ? 0 : 1;
+    if (text)
+        private = 1;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passinarg, passoutarg, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -221,16 +225,18 @@ int dsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
         goto end;
     }
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "w");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "w", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
-    if (text)
+    if (text) {
+        assert(private);
         if (!DSA_print(out, dsa, 0)) {
             perror(outfile);
             ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
             goto end;
         }
+    }
 
     if (modulus) {
         BIO_printf(out, "Public Key=");
@@ -246,25 +252,33 @@ int dsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1) {
         if (pubin || pubout)
             i = i2d_DSA_PUBKEY_bio(out, dsa);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2d_DSAPrivateKey_bio(out, dsa);
+        }
     } else if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM) {
         if (pubin || pubout)
             i = PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(out, dsa);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(out, dsa, enc,
                                             NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
+        }
 # if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4)
     } else if (outformat == FORMAT_MSBLOB || outformat == FORMAT_PVK) {
         EVP_PKEY *pk;
         pk = EVP_PKEY_new();
         EVP_PKEY_set1_DSA(pk, dsa);
-        if (outformat == FORMAT_PVK)
+        if (outformat == FORMAT_PVK) {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2b_PVK_bio(out, pk, pvk_encr, 0, passout);
+        }
         else if (pubin || pubout)
             i = i2b_PublicKey_bio(out, pk);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2b_PrivateKey_bio(out, pk);
+        }
         EVP_PKEY_free(pk);
 # endif
     } else {

apps/dsaparam.c

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 #include <openssl/opensslconf.h> /* for OPENSSL_NO_DSA */
 
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DSA
-# include <assert.h>
 # include <stdio.h>
 # include <stdlib.h>
 # include <time.h>
@@ -118,9 +117,8 @@ int dsaparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
     BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL;
     BN_GENCB *cb = NULL;
     int numbits = -1, num = 0, genkey = 0, need_rand = 0, non_fips_allow = 0;
-    int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, noout = 0, C = 0, ret =
-        1;
-    int i, text = 0;
+    int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, noout = 0, C = 0;
+    int ret = 1, i, text = 0, private = 0;
 # ifdef GENCB_TEST
     int timebomb = 0;
 # endif
@@ -195,11 +193,12 @@ int dsaparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
         numbits = num;
         need_rand = 1;
     }
+    private = genkey ? 1 : 0;
 
     in = bio_open_default(infile, "r");
     if (in == NULL)
         goto end;
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "w");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "w", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -320,6 +319,7 @@ int dsaparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
             DSA_free(dsakey);
             goto end;
         }
+        assert(private);
         if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
             i = i2d_DSAPrivateKey_bio(out, dsakey);
         else

apps/ec.c

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ int ec_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int asn1_flag = OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE, new_form = 0, new_asn1_flag = 0;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, text = 0, noout = 0;
-    int pubin = 0, pubout = 0, param_out = 0, i, ret = 1;
+    int pubin = 0, pubout = 0, param_out = 0, i, ret = 1, private = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, ec_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -193,6 +193,9 @@ int ec_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = param_out || pubin || pubout ? 0 : 1;
+    if (text)
+        private = 1;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passinarg, passoutarg, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ int ec_main(int argc, char **argv)
         goto end;
     }
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, WB(outformat));
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, WB(outformat), private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -236,12 +239,14 @@ int ec_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (new_asn1_flag)
         EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(eckey, asn1_flag);
 
-    if (text)
+    if (text) {
+        assert(private);
         if (!EC_KEY_print(out, eckey, 0)) {
             perror(outfile);
             ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
             goto end;
         }
+    }
 
     if (noout) {
         ret = 0;
@@ -254,16 +259,20 @@ int ec_main(int argc, char **argv)
             i = i2d_ECPKParameters_bio(out, group);
         else if (pubin || pubout)
             i = i2d_EC_PUBKEY_bio(out, eckey);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio(out, eckey);
+        }
     } else {
         if (param_out)
             i = PEM_write_bio_ECPKParameters(out, group);
         else if (pubin || pubout)
             i = PEM_write_bio_EC_PUBKEY(out, eckey);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey(out, eckey, enc,
                                            NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
+        }
     }
 
     if (!i) {

apps/ecparam.c

@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
 
 #include <openssl/opensslconf.h>
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_EC
-# include <assert.h>
 # include <stdio.h>
 # include <stdlib.h>
 # include <time.h>
@@ -142,8 +141,8 @@ int ecparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
     unsigned char *buffer = NULL;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int asn1_flag = OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE, new_asn1_flag = 0;
-    int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, noout = 0, C = 0, ret =
-        1;
+    int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, noout = 0, C = 0;
+    int ret = 1, private = 0;
     int list_curves = 0, no_seed = 0, check = 0, new_form = 0;
     int text = 0, i, need_rand = 0, genkey = 0;
 
@@ -219,6 +218,7 @@ int ecparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = genkey ? 1 : 0;
 
     if (!app_load_modules(NULL))
         goto end;
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ int ecparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
     in = bio_open_default(infile, RB(informat));
     if (in == NULL)
         goto end;
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, WB(outformat));
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, WB(outformat), private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -473,6 +473,7 @@ int ecparam_main(int argc, char **argv)
             EC_KEY_free(eckey);
             goto end;
         }
+        assert(private);
         if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
             i = i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio(out, eckey);
         else

apps/gendsa.c

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ int gendsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     char *inrand = NULL, *dsaparams = NULL;
     char *outfile = NULL, *passoutarg = NULL, *passout = NULL, *prog;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
-    int ret = 1;
+    int ret = 1, private = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, gendsa_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ int gendsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = 1;
 
     if (argc != 1)
         goto opthelp;
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ int gendsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     BIO_free(in);
     in = NULL;
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "w");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "w", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end2;
 
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ int gendsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     app_RAND_write_file(NULL);
 
+    assert(private);
     if (!PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(out, dsa, enc, NULL, 0, NULL, passout))
         goto end;
     ret = 0;

apps/genpkey.c

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ int genpkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = NULL;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int outformat = FORMAT_PEM, text = 0, ret = 1, rv, do_param = 0;
+    int private = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, genpkey_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -125,7 +126,6 @@ int genpkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
         case OPT_OUT:
             outfile = opt_arg();
             break;
-
         case OPT_PASS:
             passarg = opt_arg();
             break;
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ int genpkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = do_param ? 0 : 1;
 
     if (ctx == NULL)
         goto opthelp;
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ int genpkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (!app_load_modules(NULL))
         goto end;
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "wb");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "wb", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -206,11 +207,13 @@ int genpkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (do_param)
         rv = PEM_write_bio_Parameters(out, pkey);
-    else if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM)
+    else if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM) {
+        assert(private);
         rv = PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher, NULL, 0, NULL, pass);
-    else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
+    } else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1) {
+        assert(private);
         rv = i2d_PrivateKey_bio(out, pkey);
-    else {
+    } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Bad format specified for key\n");
         goto end;
     }

apps/genrsa.c

@@ -102,12 +102,13 @@ OPTIONS genrsa_options[] = {
 int genrsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     BN_GENCB *cb = BN_GENCB_new();
+    PW_CB_DATA cb_data;
     ENGINE *e = NULL;
     BIGNUM *bn = BN_new();
     BIO *out = NULL;
     RSA *rsa = NULL;
     const EVP_CIPHER *enc = NULL;
-    int ret = 1, non_fips_allow = 0, num = DEFBITS;
+    int ret = 1, non_fips_allow = 0, num = DEFBITS, private = 0;
     unsigned long f4 = RSA_F4;
     char *outfile = NULL, *passoutarg = NULL, *passout = NULL;
     char *inrand = NULL, *prog, *hexe, *dece;
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ int genrsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = 1;
 
     if (argv[0] && (!opt_int(argv[0], &num) || num <= 0))
         goto end;
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ int genrsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (!app_load_modules(NULL))
         goto end;
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "w");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "w", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -203,15 +205,13 @@ int genrsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     OPENSSL_free(hexe);
     OPENSSL_free(dece);
-    {
-        PW_CB_DATA cb_data;
-        cb_data.password = passout;
-        cb_data.prompt_info = outfile;
-        if (!PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(out, rsa, enc, NULL, 0,
-                                         (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
-                                         &cb_data))
-            goto end;
-    }
+    cb_data.password = passout;
+    cb_data.prompt_info = outfile;
+    assert(private);
+    if (!PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(out, rsa, enc, NULL, 0,
+                                     (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
+                                     &cb_data))
+        goto end;
 
     ret = 0;
  end:

apps/openssl.c

@@ -122,13 +122,23 @@
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 # include <openssl/engine.h>
 #endif
-/* needed for the _O_BINARY defs in the MS world */
-#define USE_SOCKETS
-#include "s_apps.h"
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #ifdef OPENSSL_FIPS
 # include <openssl/fips.h>
 #endif
+#define USE_SOCKETS /* needed for the _O_BINARY defs in the MS world */
+#include "s_apps.h"
+/* Needed to get the other O_xxx flags. */
+#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+# include <unixio.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef NO_SYS_TYPES_H
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_POSIX_IO
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
 #define INCLUDE_FUNCTION_TABLE
 #include "apps.h"
 
@@ -289,6 +299,59 @@ void unbuffer(FILE *fp)
     setbuf(fp, NULL);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Open a file for writing, owner-read-only.
+ */
+BIO *bio_open_owner(const char *filename, const char *modestr, int private)
+{
+    FILE *fp = NULL;
+    BIO *b = NULL;
+    int fd = -1, bflags, mode, binmode;
+
+    if (!private || filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
+        return bio_open_default(filename, modestr);
+
+    mode = O_WRONLY;
+#ifdef O_CREAT
+    mode |= O_CREAT;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_TRUNC
+    mode |= O_TRUNC;
+#endif
+    binmode = strchr(modestr, 'b') != NULL;
+    if (binmode) {
+#ifdef O_BINARY
+        mode |= O_BINARY;
+#elif defined(_O_BINARY)
+        mode |= _O_BINARY;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    fd = open(filename, mode, 0600);
+    if (fd < 0)
+        goto err;
+    fp = fdopen(fd, modestr);
+    if (fp == NULL)
+        goto err;
+    bflags = BIO_CLOSE;
+    if (!binmode)
+        bflags |= BIO_FP_TEXT;
+    b = BIO_new_fp(fp, bflags);
+    if (b)
+        return b;
+
+ err:
+    BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Can't open \"%s\" for writing, %s\n",
+               opt_getprog(), filename, strerror(errno));
+    ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+    /* If we have fp, then fdopen took over fd, so don't close both. */
+    if (fp)
+        fclose(fp);
+    else if (fd >= 0)
+        close(fd);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static BIO *bio_open_default_(const char *filename, const char *mode, int quiet)
 {
     BIO *ret;
@@ -320,10 +383,12 @@ static BIO *bio_open_default_(const char *filename, const char *mode, int quiet)
     ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
     return NULL;
 }
+
 BIO *bio_open_default(const char *filename, const char *mode)
 {
     return bio_open_default_(filename, mode, 0);
 }
+
 BIO *bio_open_default_quiet(const char *filename, const char *mode)
 {
     return bio_open_default_(filename, mode, 1);

apps/opt.c

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 
 /* #define COMPILE_STANDALONE_TEST_DRIVER  */
 #include "apps.h"
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_MSDOS)
 # include OPENSSL_UNISTD

apps/passwd.c

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DES) || !defined(NO_MD5CRYPT_1)
 
-# include <assert.h>
 # include <string.h>
 
 # include "apps.h"

apps/pkcs12.c

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ int pkcs12_main(int argc, char **argv)
     int cert_pbe = NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC;
 # endif
     int key_pbe = NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC;
-    int ret = 1, macver = 1, noprompt = 0, add_lmk = 0;
+    int ret = 1, macver = 1, noprompt = 0, add_lmk = 0, private = 0;
     char *passinarg = NULL, *passoutarg = NULL, *passarg = NULL;
     char *passin = NULL, *passout = NULL, *inrand = NULL, *macalg = NULL;
     char *cpass = NULL, *mpass = NULL, *CApath = NULL, *CAfile = NULL;
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ int pkcs12_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = 1;
 
     if (passarg) {
         if (export_cert)
@@ -355,8 +356,7 @@ int pkcs12_main(int argc, char **argv)
     in = bio_open_default(infile, "rb");
     if (in == NULL)
         goto end;
-
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "wb");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "wb", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ int pkcs12_main(int argc, char **argv)
         if (maciter != -1)
             PKCS12_set_mac(p12, mpass, -1, NULL, 0, maciter, macmd);
 
+        assert(private);
         i2d_PKCS12_bio(out, p12);
 
         ret = 0;
@@ -545,6 +546,7 @@ int pkcs12_main(int argc, char **argv)
         }
     }
 
+    assert(private);
     if (!dump_certs_keys_p12(out, p12, cpass, -1, options, passout, enc)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error outputting keys and certificates\n");
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);

apps/pkcs8.c

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int nocrypt = 0, ret = 1, iter = PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER, p8_broken = PKCS8_OK;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, topk8 = 0, pbe_nid = -1;
+    int private = 0;
     unsigned long scrypt_N = 0, scrypt_r = 0, scrypt_p = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, pkcs8_options);
@@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = 1;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passinarg, passoutarg, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -232,9 +234,10 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
     in = bio_open_default(infile, "rb");
     if (in == NULL)
         goto end;
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "wb");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "wb", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
+
     if (topk8) {
         pkey = load_key(infile, informat, 1, passin, e, "key");
         if (!pkey)
@@ -245,6 +248,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
             goto end;
         }
         if (nocrypt) {
+            assert(private);
             if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM)
                 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO(out, p8inf);
             else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
@@ -289,6 +293,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 goto end;
             }
             app_RAND_write_file(NULL);
+            assert(private);
             if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM)
                 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8(out, p8);
             else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
@@ -373,6 +378,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
         }
     }
 
+    assert(private);
     if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM)
         PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
     else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)

apps/pkey.c

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM;
     int pubin = 0, pubout = 0, pubtext = 0, text = 0, noout = 0, ret = 1;
+    int private = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, pkey_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -159,6 +160,9 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = !noout && !pubout ? 1 : 0;
+    if (text && !pubtext)
+        private = 1;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passinarg, passoutarg, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (!app_load_modules(NULL))
         goto end;
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "wb");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "wb", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
@@ -181,12 +185,14 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (!noout) {
         if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM) {
+            assert(private);
             if (pubout)
                 PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(out, pkey);
             else
                 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher,
                                          NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
         } else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1) {
+            assert(private);
             if (pubout)
                 i2d_PUBKEY_bio(out, pkey);
             else
@@ -201,8 +207,10 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     if (text) {
         if (pubtext)
             EVP_PKEY_print_public(out, pkey, 0, NULL);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             EVP_PKEY_print_private(out, pkey, 0, NULL);
+        }
     }
 
     ret = 0;

apps/req.c

@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ int req_main(int argc, char **argv)
     char *template = default_config_file, *keyout = NULL;
     const char *keyalg = NULL;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
-    int ret = 1, x509 = 0, days = 30, i = 0, newreq = 0, verbose =
-        0, pkey_type = -1;
+    int ret = 1, x509 = 0, days = 30, i = 0, newreq = 0, verbose = 0;
+    int pkey_type = -1, private = 0;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, keyform = FORMAT_PEM;
     int modulus = 0, multirdn = 0, verify = 0, noout = 0, text = 0;
     int nodes = 0, kludge = 0, newhdr = 0, subject = 0, pubkey = 0;
@@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ int req_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = newreq && (pkey == NULL) ? 1 : 0;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passargin, passargout, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -569,7 +570,7 @@ int req_main(int argc, char **argv)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new private key to stdout\n");
         else
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new private key to '%s'\n", keyout);
-        out = bio_open_default(keyout, "w");
+        out = bio_open_owner(keyout, "w", private);
         if (out == NULL)
             goto end;
 
@@ -587,6 +588,7 @@ int req_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
         i = 0;
  loop:
+        assert(private);
         if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher,
                                       NULL, 0, NULL, passout)) {
             if ((ERR_GET_REASON(ERR_peek_error()) ==

apps/rsa.c

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     const EVP_CIPHER *enc = NULL;
     char *infile = NULL, *outfile = NULL, *prog;
     char *passin = NULL, *passout = NULL, *passinarg = NULL, *passoutarg = NULL;
-    int i;
+    int i, private = 0;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, text = 0, check = 0;
     int noout = 0, modulus = 0, pubin = 0, pubout = 0, pvk_encr = 2, ret = 1;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     argc = opt_num_rest();
     argv = opt_rest();
+    private = text || (!pubout && !noout) ? 1 : 0;
 
     if (!app_passwd(passinarg, passoutarg, &passin, &passout)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting passwords\n");
@@ -291,16 +292,18 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
         goto end;
     }
 
-    out = bio_open_default(outfile, "w");
+    out = bio_open_owner(outfile, "w", private);
     if (out == NULL)
         goto end;
 
-    if (text)
+    if (text) {
+        assert(private);
         if (!RSA_print(out, rsa, 0)) {
             perror(outfile);
             ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
             goto end;
         }
+    }
 
     if (modulus) {
         BIO_printf(out, "Modulus=");
@@ -344,8 +347,10 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 i = i2d_RSAPublicKey_bio(out, rsa);
             else
                 i = i2d_RSA_PUBKEY_bio(out, rsa);
-        } else
+        } else {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2d_RSAPrivateKey_bio(out, rsa);
+        }
     }
 # ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RC4
     else if (outformat == FORMAT_NETSCAPE) {
@@ -353,6 +358,7 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
         int size = i2d_RSA_NET(rsa, NULL, NULL, 0);
 
         save = p = app_malloc(size, "RSA i2d buffer");
+        assert(private);
         i2d_RSA_NET(rsa, &p, NULL, 0);
         BIO_write(out, (char *)save, size);
         OPENSSL_free(save);
@@ -365,9 +371,11 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 i = PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(out, rsa);
             else
                 i = PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(out, rsa);
-        } else
+        } else {
+            assert(private);
             i = PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(out, rsa,
                                             enc, NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
+        }
 # if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DSA) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4)
     } else if (outformat == FORMAT_MSBLOB || outformat == FORMAT_PVK) {
         EVP_PKEY *pk;
@@ -377,8 +385,10 @@ int rsa_main(int argc, char **argv)
             i = i2b_PVK_bio(out, pk, pvk_encr, 0, passout);
         else if (pubin || pubout)
             i = i2b_PublicKey_bio(out, pk);
-        else
+        else {
+            assert(private);
             i = i2b_PrivateKey_bio(out, pk);
+        }
         EVP_PKEY_free(pk);
 # endif
     } else {

apps/s_cb.c

@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@
 /* callback functions used by s_client, s_server, and s_time */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <string.h> /* for memcpy() and strcmp() */
 #define USE_SOCKETS
 #include "apps.h"

apps/s_client.c

@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@
  * OTHERWISE.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>

apps/s_server.c

@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@
  * OTHERWISE.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>

apps/x509.c

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
  * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>