Use bind params for values other than strings and ints

Booleans, for example, are a perfectly valid value to use for bind
params. Required to allow #19874 to be fixed.

There is an unrelated looking change in `through_association` also
required for this fix. We have a polymorphic association in our tests
that is unscoping a boolean query parameter. Mutating the association as
we were doing previously causes too many bind params to be on the final
query.

activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def target_scope
 
             reflection_scope = reflection.scope
             if reflection_scope && reflection_scope.arity.zero?
-              relation.merge!(reflection_scope)
+              relation = relation.merge(reflection_scope)
             end
 
             scope.merge!(

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb

@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ def self.register_handler(klass, handler)
       @handlers.unshift([klass, handler])
     end
 
-    register_handler(BasicObject, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value) })
+    BASIC_OBJECT_HANDLER = ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value) } # :nodoc:
+    register_handler(BasicObject, BASIC_OBJECT_HANDLER)
     # FIXME: I think we need to deprecate this behavior
     register_handler(Class, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value.name) })
     register_handler(Base, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value.id) })
@@ -142,5 +143,11 @@ def self.convert_value_to_association_ids(value, primary_key)
         value
       end
     end
+
+    def self.can_be_bound?(value) # :nodoc:
+      !value.nil? &&
+        !value.is_a?(Hash) &&
+        handler_for(value) == BASIC_OBJECT_HANDLER
+    end
   end
 end

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb

@@ -965,12 +965,9 @@ def build_where(opts, other = [])
 
     def create_binds(opts)
       bindable, non_binds = opts.partition do |column, value|
-        case value
-        when String, Integer, ActiveRecord::StatementCache::Substitute
-          @klass.columns_hash.include? column.to_s
-        else
-          false
-        end
+        PredicateBuilder.can_be_bound?(value) &&
+          @klass.columns_hash.include?(column.to_s) &&
+          !@klass.reflect_on_aggregation(column)
       end
 
       association_binds, non_binds = non_binds.partition do |column, value|

activerecord/test/cases/attributes_test.rb

@@ -111,5 +111,26 @@ class CustomPropertiesTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       assert klass.column_names.include?('wibble')
       assert_equal 6, klass.content_columns.length
     end
+
+    test "non string/integers use custom types for queries" do
+      klass = Class.new(OverloadedType)
+      type = Type::Value.new
+      def type.cast_value(value)
+        !!value
+      end
+
+      def type.type_cast_for_database(value)
+        if value
+          "Y"
+        else
+          "N"
+        end
+      end
+
+      klass.attribute(:string_with_default, type, default: false)
+      klass.create!(string_with_default: true)
+
+      assert_equal 1, klass.where(string_with_default: true).count
+    end
   end
 end