更新alien_invasion.py, game_stats.py, scoreboard.py, settings.py, ship.py,...

更新alien_invasion.py, game_stats.py, scoreboard.py, settings.py, ship.py, alien.py, button.py, bullet.py, image/alien.bmp, image/ship.bmp

alien.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Sat Oct  2 20:58:17 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Alien(Sprite):
+    """A class to represent a single alien in the fleet"""
+    
+    def __init__(self, ai_game):
+        """Initialize the alien and set its starting position."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = ai_game.screen
+        self.settings = ai_game.settings
+        
+        #Load the alien image and set its rect attribute.
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        
+        #Start each new alien near the top left of the screen.
+        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
+        self.rect.y = self.rect.height
+        
+        #Store the alien's exact horizontal position.
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
+        
+    def check_edges(self):
+        """Return True if alien is at edge of screen."""
+        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
+            return True
+        
+    def update(self):
+        """Move the alien right or left."""
+        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * 
+                   self.settings.fleet_direction)
+        self.rect.x = self.x
\ No newline at end of file

alien_invasion.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Fri Oct  1 15:56:27 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import sys
+from time import sleep
+
+import pygame
+
+from settings import Settings
+from game_stats import GameStats
+from scoreboard import Scoreboard
+from button import Button
+from ship import Ship
+from bullet import Bullet
+from alien import Alien
+
+
+class AlienInvasion:
+    """Overall class to manage game assets and behavior"""
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize the game, and create game resources"""
+        pygame.init()
+        self.settings = Settings()
+        
+        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
+        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
+        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
+        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
+        
+        #Creat an instance to store game statistics,
+        # and create a scoreboard.
+        self.stats = GameStats(self)
+        self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
+        
+        self.ship = Ship(self)
+        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
+        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
+        
+        self._create_fleet()
+        
+        #Make the Play button.
+        self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")
+        
+    def run_game(self):
+        """Start the main loop for the game."""
+        while True:
+            self._check_events()
+        
+            if self.stats.game_active:
+                self.ship.update()
+                self._update_bullets()
+                self._update_aliens()
+            
+            self._update_screen()
+    
+    def _check_events(self):
+        """Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
+        for event in pygame.event.get():
+            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+                sys.exit()
+            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+                self._check_keydown_events(event)
+            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
+                self._check_keyup_events(event)
+            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
+                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
+                
+    def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
+        """Start a new game when the player clicks Play."""
+        button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
+        if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
+            # Reset the game settings.
+            self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+            
+            #Reset the game statistics.
+            self.stats.reset_stats()
+            self.stats.game_active = True
+            self.sb.prep_score()
+            self.sb.prep_level()
+            self.sb.prep_ships()
+
+            # Get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets.
+            self.aliens.empty()
+            self.bullets.empty()
+            
+            # Create a new fleet and center the ship.
+            self._create_fleet()
+            self.ship.center_ship()
+
+            # Hide the mouse cursor.
+            pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
+            
+    def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
+        """Respond to keypresses."""
+        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+            self.ship.moving_right = True
+        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+            self.ship.moving_left = True
+        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
+            sys.exit()
+        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+            self._fire_bullet()
+
+    def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
+        """Respond to releases."""
+        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+            self.ship.moving_right = False
+        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+            self.ship.moving_left = False
+
+    def _fire_bullet(self):
+        """Creat a new bullet and add it to the bullets group."""
+        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
+            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
+            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
+
+    def _update_bullets(self):
+        """Update positin of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""
+        #Update bullet positions.
+        self.bullets.update()
+        
+        #Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.
+        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
+            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
+                self.bullets.remove(bullet)
+                
+        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
+
+    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
+        """Respond to bullet-alien collisions."""
+        # Remove any bullets and aliens that have collided.
+        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
+                self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
+
+        if collisions:
+            for aliens in collisions.values():
+                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            self.sb.prep_score()
+            self.sb.check_high_score()
+
+        if not self.aliens:
+            # Destroy existing bullets and create new fleet.
+            self.bullets.empty()
+            self._create_fleet()
+            self.settings.increase_speed()
+
+            # Increase level.
+            self.stats.level += 1
+            self.sb.prep_level()
+
+    def _update_aliens(self):
+        """
+        Check if the fleet is at an edge,
+        then update the positions of all aliens in the fleet.
+        """
+        self._check_fleet_edges()
+        self.aliens.update()
+        
+        #Look for alien-ship collisions.
+        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
+            self._ship_hit()
+            
+        #Look for aliens hitting the bottom of the screen.
+        self._check_aliens_bottom()
+
+    def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
+        """Check if any aliens have reached the bottom of the screen."""
+        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
+            if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
+                #Treat this the same as if the ship got hit.
+                self._ship_hit()
+                break
+
+    def _ship_hit(self):
+        """Respond to the ship being hit by an alien."""
+        if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
+            #Decrement ships_left, and update scoreboard.
+            self.stats.ships_left -= 1
+            self.sb.prep_ships()
+            
+            #Get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets.
+            self.self.aliens.empty()
+            self.bullets.empty()
+            
+            #Creat a new fleet and center the ship.
+            self._creat_fleet()
+            self.ship.center_ship()
+            
+            #Pause
+            sleep(0.5)
+        else:
+            self.stats.game_active = False
+            pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
+
+    def _create_fleet(self):
+        """Creat the fleet of aliens."""
+        #Creat an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
+        #Spacing between each alien is equal to one alen width.
+        alien = Alien(self)
+        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
+        avaliable_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
+        number_aliens_x = avaliable_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
+        
+        #Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.
+        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
+        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - 
+                             (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
+        number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
+        
+        #Creat the full fleet of aliens.
+        for row_number in range(number_rows):
+            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
+                self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)
+
+    def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
+        """Creat an alien and place it in the row."""
+        alien = Alien(self)
+        alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
+        alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
+        alien.rect.x = alien.x
+        alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
+        self.aliens.add(alien)
+
+    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
+        """Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
+        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
+            if alien.check_edges():
+                self._change_fleet_direction()
+                break
+            
+    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
+        """Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction."""
+        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
+            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
+        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
+
+    def _update_screen(self):
+        """Update images on the screen, and flip to the new screen."""
+        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
+        self.ship.blitme()
+        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
+            bullet.draw_bullet()
+        
+        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
+        
+        #Draw the score information.
+        self.sb.show_score()
+        
+        #Draw the play button if the game is inactive.
+        if not self.stats.game_active:
+            self.play_button.draw_button()
+                             
+        pygame.display.flip()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Make a game instance, and run the game.
+    ai = AlienInvasion()
+    ai.run_game()

bullet.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Sat Oct  2 14:30:10 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+ 
+class Bullet(Sprite):
+     """A class to manage bullets fired from the ship."""
+     
+     def __init__(self, ai_game):
+         """Creat a bullet object at the ship's current position."""
+         super().__init__()
+         self.screen = ai_game.screen
+         self.settings = ai_game.settings
+         self.color = self.settings.bullet_color
+         
+         #Create a bullet rect at (0,0) and then set correct position.
+         self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.bullet_width,
+                                 self.settings.bullet_height)
+         self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop
+         
+         #Store the bullet's position as a decimal value.
+         self.y = float(self.rect.y)
+         
+     def update(self):
+        """Move the bullet up the screen."""
+        #Update the decimal position of the bullet.
+        self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
+        #Update the rect position
+        self.rect.y = self.y
+        
+     def draw_bullet(self):
+        """Draw the bullet to the screen."""
+        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

button.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Sat Oct  2 22:34:09 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import pygame.font
+
+class Button:
+    
+    def __init__(self, ai_game, msg):
+        """Initialize button attributes."""
+        self.screen = ai_game.screen
+        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        
+        #Set the dimensions and properties of the button.
+        self.width, self.height = 200, 50
+        self.button_color = (0,255,0)
+        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
+        
+        #Build the button's rect object and center it.
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
+        
+        #The button message needs to be prepped only once.
+        self._prep_msg(msg)
+        
+    def _prep_msg(self, msg):
+        """Turn msg into a rendered image and text on the button."""
+        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color,
+                                          self.button_color)
+        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
+        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
+        
+    def draw_button(self):
+        #Draw blank button and draw message.
+        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
\ No newline at end of file

game_stats.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Sat Oct  2 22:28:38 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+class GameStats:
+    """Track statistics for Alien Invasion."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, ai_game):
+        """Initialize statistics."""
+        self.settings = ai_game.settings
+        self.reset_stats()
+        
+        #Start game in an inactive state.
+        self.game_active = False
+        
+        #High score should never be reset.
+        self.high_score = 0
+        
+    def reset_stats(self):
+        """Initialize statistics that can change during the game."""
+        self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
+        self.score = 0
+        self.level = 1
\ No newline at end of file

scoreboard.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Sat Oct  2 22:44:27 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import pygame.font
+from pygame.sprite import Group
+
+from ship import Ship
+
+class Scoreboard:
+    """A class to report scoring information."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, ai_game):
+        """Initialize scorekeeping attrbutes."""
+        self.ai_game = ai_game
+        self.screen = ai_game.screen
+        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        self.settings = ai_game.settings
+        self.stats = ai_game.stats
+        
+        #Font settings for scoring information.
+        self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
+        
+        #Prepare the initial score images.
+        self.prep_score()
+        self.prep_high_score()
+        self.prep_level()
+        self.prep_ships()
+
+    def prep_score(self):
+        """Turn the score into a rendered image."""
+        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
+        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
+        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,
+                        self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
+        
+        #Display the score at the top right of the screen.
+        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
+        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right-20
+        self.score_rect.top = 20
+        
+    def prep_high_score(self):
+        """Turn the high score into a rendered image."""
+        high_score = round(self.stats.high_score, -1)
+        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
+        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,
+                        self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
+        
+        #Center the high score at the top of the screen.
+        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
+        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
+        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
+        
+    def prep_level(self):
+        """Turn the level into a rendered image."""
+        level_str = str(self.stats.level)
+        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str, True,
+                self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)
+    
+        # Position the level below the score.
+        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
+        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
+        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
+
+    def prep_ships(self):
+        """Show how many ships are left."""
+        self.ships = Group()
+        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
+            ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
+            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
+            ship.rect.y = 10
+            self.ships.add(ship)
+
+    def check_high_score(self):
+        """Check to see if there's a new high score."""
+        if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
+            self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
+            self.prep_high_score()
+
+    def show_score(self):
+        """Draw scores, level, and ships to the screen."""
+        self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
+        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

settings.py

+class Settings:
+    """A class to store all settings for Alien Invasion."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize the game's static settings."""
+        # Screen settings
+        self.screen_width = 1200
+        self.screen_height = 800
+        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
+
+        # Ship settings
+        self.ship_limit = 3
+
+        # Bullet settings
+        self.bullet_width = 3
+        self.bullet_height = 15
+        self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)
+        self.bullets_allowed = 3
+
+        # Alien settings
+        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
+
+        # How quickly the game speeds up
+        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
+        # How quickly the alien point values increase
+        self.score_scale = 1.5
+
+        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+
+    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
+        """Initialize settings that change throughout the game."""
+        self.ship_speed = 1.5
+        self.bullet_speed = 3.0
+        self.alien_speed = 1.0
+
+        # fleet_direction of 1 represents right; -1 represents left.
+        self.fleet_direction = 1
+
+        # Scoring
+        self.alien_points = 50
+
+    def increase_speed(self):
+        """Increase speed settings and alien point values."""
+        self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
+
+        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

ship.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Fri Oct  1 15:56:27 2021
+
+@author: wang
+"""
+
+import pygame
+
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Ship(Sprite):
+    """A class to manage the ship."""
+    
+    def __init__(self,ai_game):
+        """Initialize the ship and set its starting position."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = ai_game.screen
+        self.settings = ai_game.settings
+        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
+        
+        #Load the ship image and get its rect.
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        
+        #Start each new ship at the bottom center of the screen.
+        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
+        
+        #Store a decimal value for the ship's horizontal position.
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
+        
+        #Moveent flags
+        self.moving_right = False
+        self.moving_left = False
+        
+    def update(self):
+        """Update the ship's position based on movement flags."""
+        #Update the ship's x value, not the rect
+        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
+            self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
+        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
+            self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
+            
+        #Update rect object from self.x.
+        self.rect.x = self.x
+
+        
+    def blitme(self):
+        """Draw the ship at its current locaton."""
+        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
+        
+    def center_ship(self):
+        """Center the ship on the screen."""
+        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
\ No newline at end of file