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docs/_posts/installation/2020-10-19-installation-nginx.md

+---
+layout:     post
+title:      "Linux 下安装 Nginx"
+subtitle:   "「软件安装」Nginx"
+date:       2020-10-19
+author:     "Hex"
+header-img: "img/post-bg-os-metro.jpg"
+catalog:     true
+tags:
+    - 软件安装
+    - Nginx
+---
+
+
+
+Nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, a mail proxy server, and a generic TCP/UDP proxy server, originally written by Igor Sysoev. For a long time, it has been running on many heavily loaded Russian sites including Yandex, Mail.Ru, VK, and Rambler. According to Netcraft, nginx served or proxied 25.76% busiest sites in September 2020.
+
+
+
+## 安装 Nginx
+
+1. 使用 DNF 包管理器安装Nginx
+
+   ~~~shell
+   [root@localhost /]# dnf install nginx
+   ~~~
+
+   系统会自动解决相关依赖并安装Nginx。
+
+2. 使用 dnf 安装 nginx 后，系统会将其自动加入 systemctl 进行管理。
+
+   ~~~shell
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl start nginx         启动nginx
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl stop nginx          停止nginx
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl status nginx        查看nginx状态
+   ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
+      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
+      Active: inactive (dead)
+   
+   9月 11 00:20:15 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: nginx.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive.
+   9月 11 00:20:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
+   9月 11 00:20:58 localhost.localdomain nginx[27331]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
+   9月 11 00:20:58 localhost.localdomain nginx[27331]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
+   9月 11 00:20:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
+   9月 11 00:30:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
+   9月 11 00:30:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl restart nginx        重启nginx
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl reload nginx         重新加载nginx配置
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl enable nginx         添加nginx开机启动
+   Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
+   [root@localhost /]# systemctl disable nginx        关闭nginx开机启动
+   Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service.
+   ~~~
+
+3. 开放系统防火墙的80端口（Nginx默认已配置监听80端口）
+
+   ```shell
+   [root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --query-port=80/tcp                   查询80端口是否对外开放
+   no
+   [root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent         永久对外开放80端口
+   success
+   [root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --reload                              重启防火墙
+   success
+   ```
+
+4. Nginx启动后，登录网页查看Nginx配置的默认页面
+
+   ```http
+   http://192.168.253.128/
+   ```
+
+   默认页面如图：
+
+   ![](/hexbook/img/in-post/installation/1564646841313.jpg)
+
+## Nginx 文件目录
+
+使用 `rpm -ql nginx` 即可查询 Nginx 的各个文件目录。
+
+- 安装位置：***/etc/nginx/***，各种配置文件，参数文件都在此目录下。
+
+  ```shell
+  [root@localhost nginx]# ls
+  conf.d     fastcgi.conf          fastcgi_params          koi-utf  mime.types          nginx.conf          scgi_params          uwsgi_params          win-utf
+  default.d  fastcgi.conf.default  fastcgi_params.default  koi-win  mime.types.default  nginx.conf.default  scgi_params.default  uwsgi_params.default
+  ```
+
+- web服务器默认目录：***/usr/share/nginx/***，此目录下有一个html目录用来存放网页文件，其中的 index.html 即为 Nginx 配置的默认页面。
+- 日志存放路径：***/var/log/nginx/***
+- 帮助文档存放路径：***/usr/share/doc/nginx/***
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