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        Python3 爬虫学习笔记 C08
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          <blockquote>
<center><font color="#1BC3FB" size="4">Python3 爬虫学习笔记第八章 —— 【解析库 Beautiful Soup】</font></center>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="【8-1】关于-Beautiful-Soup"><a href="#【8-1】关于-Beautiful-Soup" class="headerlink" title="【8.1】关于 Beautiful Soup"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.1】关于 Beautiful Soup</font></h1><p>Beautiful Soup 可以从 HTML 或者 XML 文件中提取数据，Beautiful Soup 可以提供一些简单的、Python 式的函数用来处理导航、搜索、修改分析树等，它借助网页的结构和属性等特性来解析网页，lxml 只会局部遍历，而 Beautiful Soup 是基于 HTML DOM 的，会载入整个文档，解析整个 DOM 树，因此时间和内存开销都会大很多，所以性能要低于lxml</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">抓取工具</th>
<th style="text-align:center">速度</th>
<th style="text-align:center">使用难度</th>
<th style="text-align:center">安装难度</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">正则</td>
<td style="text-align:center">最快</td>
<td style="text-align:center">困难</td>
<td style="text-align:center">无（内置）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">lxml</td>
<td style="text-align:center">快</td>
<td style="text-align:center">简单</td>
<td style="text-align:center">一般</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">BeautifulSoup</td>
<td style="text-align:center">慢</td>
<td style="text-align:center">最简单</td>
<td style="text-align:center">简单</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 id="【8-2】Beautiful-Soup-的基本使用"><a href="#【8-2】Beautiful-Soup-的基本使用" class="headerlink" title="【8.2】Beautiful Soup 的基本使用"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.2】Beautiful Soup 的基本使用</font></h1><p>需要使用命令 <code>pip install bs4</code> 安装库，Beautiful Soup 在解析时依赖解析器，除了支持 Python 标准库中的 HTML 解析器外，还支持一些第三方解析器：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>解析器</th>
<th>使用方法</th>
<th>优势</th>
<th>劣势</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Python 标准库</td>
<td>BeautifulSoup(markup, “html.parser”)</td>
<td>Python 的内置标准库、执行速度适中 、文档容错能力强</td>
<td>Python 2.7.3 or 3.2.2) 前的版本中文容错能力差</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LXML HTML 解析器</td>
<td>BeautifulSoup(markup, “lxml”)</td>
<td>速度快、文档容错能力强</td>
<td>需要安装 C 语言库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LXML XML 解析器</td>
<td>BeautifulSoup(markup, “xml”)</td>
<td>速度快、唯一支持 XML 的解析器</td>
<td>需要安装 C 语言库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>html5lib</td>
<td>BeautifulSoup(markup, “html5lib”)</td>
<td>最好的容错性、以浏览器的方式解析文档、生成 HTML5 格式的文档</td>
<td>速度慢、不依赖外部扩展</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>基本使用：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(<span class="string">'&lt;p&gt;Hello&lt;/p&gt;'</span>, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># soup = BeautifulSoup(open('soup.html', encoding='utf8'), 'lxml')</span></span><br><span class="line">print(soup.p.string)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Hello</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="【8-3】节点选择器"><a href="#【8-3】节点选择器" class="headerlink" title="【8.3】节点选择器"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.3】节点选择器</font></h1><p>直接调用节点的名称就可以选择节点元素，再调用 string 属性就可以得到节点内的文本</p>
<h2 id="【8-3-1】元素选择"><a href="#【8-3-1】元素选择" class="headerlink" title="【8.3.1】元素选择"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.3.1】元素选择</font></h2><p>新建 <code>soup.html</code> 文件：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;html lang=<span class="string">"en"</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;meta charset=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span> /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;title&gt;测试bs4&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;div&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    甄姬</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;百里守约&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;李白&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    太乙真人</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/div&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;div class="song"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;李清照&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;王安石&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;苏轼&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;p&gt;柳宗元&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;a href="http://www.song.com/" title="赵匡义" target="_self"&gt;宋朝是最强大的王朝，不是军队的强大，而是经济很强大，国民都很有钱。&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;img src=<span class="string">"http://www.baidu.com/meinv.jpg"</span> alt=<span class="string">""</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;a href="" class="du"&gt;总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/div&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;div class="tang"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;ul&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.baidu.com" title="qing"&gt;清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.163.com" title="qin"&gt;秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.126.com" alt="qi"&gt;岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sina.com" class="du"&gt;杜甫&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;唐朝&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;宋朝&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.haha.com" id="feng"&gt;凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;/ul&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/div&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/html&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(open(<span class="string">'soup.html'</span>, encoding=<span class="string">'utf8'</span>), <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title)</span><br><span class="line">print(type(soup.title))</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title.string)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.head)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.p)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>依次查找 title、head、p 节点。输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;测试bs4&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;<span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> '<span class="title">bs4</span>.<span class="title">element</span>.<span class="title">Tag</span>'&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">测试<span class="title">bs4</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">&lt;<span class="title">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;meta charset="utf-8"/&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;测试bs4&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;p&gt;百里守约&lt;/p&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="【8-3-2】提取信息"><a href="#【8-3-2】提取信息" class="headerlink" title="【8.3.2】提取信息"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.3.2】提取信息</font></h2><ul>
<li>string 属性：获取节点包含的文本值（如果标签里面还有标签，那么string获取到的结果为None）</li>
<li>text 属性：获取节点包含的文本值</li>
<li>get_text() 属性：获取节点包含的文本值</li>
<li>name 属性：获取节点的名称</li>
<li>attrs ：获取所有属性</li>
<li>attrs[‘属性名’] ：获取指定属性</li>
</ul>
<p>依然以 soup.html 为例：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(open(<span class="string">'soup.html'</span>, encoding=<span class="string">'utf8'</span>), <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title.text)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title.get_text())</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title.string)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.div.string)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.div.text)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.title.name)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a[<span class="string">'href'</span>])  <span class="comment"># 获取href属性</span></span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a[<span class="string">'title'</span>])  <span class="comment"># 获取title属性</span></span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a[<span class="string">'target'</span>])  <span class="comment"># 获取target属性</span></span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a.attrs)  <span class="comment"># 获取所有属性</span></span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a.attrs[<span class="string">'href'</span>])  <span class="comment"># 获取href属性</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;测试bs4&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">测试bs4</span><br><span class="line">测试bs4</span><br><span class="line">测试bs4</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">None</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    甄姬</span><br><span class="line">    百里守约</span><br><span class="line">李白</span><br><span class="line">    太乙真人</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">title</span><br><span class="line">http://www.song.com/</span><br><span class="line">赵匡义</span><br><span class="line">_self</span><br><span class="line">&#123;<span class="string">'href'</span>: <span class="string">'http://www.song.com/'</span>, <span class="string">'title'</span>: <span class="string">'赵匡义'</span>, <span class="string">'target'</span>: <span class="string">'_self'</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">http://www.song.com/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="【8-3-3】嵌套选择"><a href="#【8-3-3】嵌套选择" class="headerlink" title="【8.3.3】嵌套选择"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.3.3】嵌套选择</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;This is a demo&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.head.title)</span><br><span class="line">print(type(soup.head.title))</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.head.title.string)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>获取 head 节点里面的 title 节点，输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;This is a demo&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;<span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> '<span class="title">bs4</span>.<span class="title">element</span>.<span class="title">Tag</span>'&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="title">This</span> <span class="title">is</span> <span class="title">a</span> <span class="title">demo</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="【8-3-4】关联选择"><a href="#【8-3-4】关联选择" class="headerlink" title="【8.3.4】关联选择"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.3.4】关联选择</font></h1><ul>
<li>contents 属性：获取某个节点元素的直接子节点</li>
<li>children 属性：遍历某个节点元素的子节点</li>
<li>descendants 属性：获取某个节点元素所有的子孙节点</li>
<li>parent 属性：获取某个节点元素的父节点</li>
<li>parents 属性：获取某个节点元素所有的祖先节点</li>
<li>next_sibling 属性：获取节点的下一个兄弟元素</li>
<li>previous_sibling 属性：获取节点的上一个兄弟元素</li>
<li>next_siblings 属性：获取某个节点所有后面的兄弟元素</li>
<li>previous_siblings 属性：获取某个节点所有前面的兄弟元素</li>
</ul>
<font color="#ff0000">contents 属性应用示例</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;title&gt;The Dormouse's story&lt;/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt; </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and they lived at the bottom of a well.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.p.contents)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>获取 p 节点元素的直接子节点，输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">['\n            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were\n            ', &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;, '\n', &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt;, ' \n            and\n            ', &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;, '\n            and they lived at the bottom of a well.\n        ']</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<font color="#ff0000">children 属性应用示例：</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;title&gt;The Dormouse's story&lt;/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt; </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and they lived at the bottom of a well.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.p.children)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i, child <span class="keyword">in</span> enumerate(soup.p.children):</span><br><span class="line">    print(i, child)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>遍历 p 节点元素的子节点，输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;list_iterator object at <span class="number">0x00000228E3C205F8</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span> </span><br><span class="line">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; <span class="keyword">and</span> their names were</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">1 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span>  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">and</span></span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">5 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">6</span> </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">and</span> they lived at the bottom of a well.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<font color="#ff0000">descendants 属性应用示例：</font><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;title&gt;The Dormouse's story&lt;/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt; </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and they lived at the bottom of a well.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.p.descendants)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i, child <span class="keyword">in</span> enumerate(soup.p.descendants):</span><br><span class="line">    print(i, child)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>获取 p 节点元素所有的子孙节点，输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;generator object descendants at <span class="number">0x0000018404A4C3B8</span>&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span> </span><br><span class="line">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; <span class="keyword">and</span> their names were</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">1 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3 &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span> Elsie</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">5</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">6</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">7 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">8</span> Lacie</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">9</span>  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">and</span></span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">10 &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">11</span> Tillie</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">12</span> </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">and</span> they lived at the bottom of a well.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br><font color="#ff0000">parent 属性应用示例：</font><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;title&gt;The Dormouse's story&lt;/title&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/head&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;/html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.a.parent)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>获取 a 节点元素的父节点，输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;p class="story"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; <span class="keyword">and</span> their names were</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/p&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br><font color="#ff0000">parents 属性应用示例：</font><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(type(soup.a.parents))</span><br><span class="line">print(list(enumerate(soup.a.parents)))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>获取 a 节点元素所有的祖先节点，输出结果：<br><br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;<span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> '<span class="title">generator</span>'&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class">[<span class="params">(<span class="number">0</span>, &lt;p class=<span class="string">"story"</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="params">&lt;a class=<span class="string">"sister"</span> href=<span class="string">"http://example.com/elsie"</span> id=<span class="string">"link1"</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="params">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="params">&lt;/a&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/p&gt;), (1, &lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;p class="story"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;), (2, &lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;p class="story"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;), (3, &lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;p class="story"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/a&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/p&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;)]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br><font color="#ff0000">next_sibling、previous_sibling、next_siblings、previous_siblings 属性应用示例：</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">html = <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;p class="story"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">                &lt;span&gt;Elsie&lt;/span&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            Hello</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt; </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            &lt;a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">            and they lived at the bottom of a well.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">        &lt;/p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">    &lt;/body&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">&lt;/html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(html, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Next Sibling'</span>, soup.a.next_sibling)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Prev Sibling'</span>, soup.a.previous_sibling)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Next Siblings'</span>, list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Prev Siblings'</span>, list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>next_sibling 和 previous_sibling 分别获取 a 节点的下一个和上一个兄弟元素，next_siblings 和 previous_siblings 则分别返回 a 节点后面和前面的兄弟节点，输出结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Next Sibling </span><br><span class="line">            Hello</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">Prev Sibling </span><br><span class="line">            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; <span class="keyword">and</span> their names were</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">Next Siblings [(0, '\n            Hello\n            '), (1, &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2"&gt;Lacie&lt;/a&gt;), (2, ' \n            and\n            '), (3, &lt;a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3"&gt;Tillie&lt;/a&gt;), (4, '\n            and they lived at the bottom of a well.\n        ')]</span><br><span class="line">Prev Siblings [(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="string">'\n            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were\n            '</span>)]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="【8-4】方法选择器"><a href="#【8-4】方法选择器" class="headerlink" title="【8.4】方法选择器"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.4】方法选择器</font></h1><p>节点选择器直接调用节点的名称就可以选择节点元素，如果进行比较复杂的选择的话，方法选择器是一个不错的选择，它更灵活，常见的方法有 find_all、find 等，调用它们，直接传入相应的参数，就可以灵活查询了。</p>
<h2 id="【8-4-1】find-all-方法"><a href="#【8-4-1】find-all-方法" class="headerlink" title="【8.4.1】find_all() 方法"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.4.1】find_all() 方法</font></h2><p>find_all 方法可以查询所有符合条件的元素，给它传入一些属性或文本来得到符合条件的元素。find_all 方法的 API：<code>find_all(name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs)</code><br>新建 soup.html：<br><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">"en"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>测试bs4<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    甄姬</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>百里守约<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>李白<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    太乙真人</span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"song"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>李清照<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>王安石<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>苏轼<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span>柳宗元<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.song.com/"</span> <span class="attr">title</span>=<span class="string">"赵匡义"</span> <span class="attr">target</span>=<span class="string">"_self"</span>&gt;</span>宋朝是最强大的王朝，不是军队的强大，而是经济很强大，国民都很有钱。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">img</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.baidu.com/meinv.jpg"</span> <span class="attr">alt</span>=<span class="string">""</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">""</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"du"</span>&gt;</span>总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"tang"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">ul</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.baidu.com"</span> <span class="attr">title</span>=<span class="string">"qing"</span>&gt;</span>清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.163.com"</span> <span class="attr">title</span>=<span class="string">"qin"</span>&gt;</span>秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.126.com"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"qi"</span>&gt;</span>岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.sina.com"</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"du"</span>&gt;</span>杜甫<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">b</span>&gt;</span>唐朝<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">b</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">i</span>&gt;</span>宋朝<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">i</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.haha.com"</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"feng"</span>&gt;</span>凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">ul</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>示例代码：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(open(<span class="string">'soup.html'</span>, encoding=<span class="string">'utf8'</span>), <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(<span class="string">'a'</span>), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(<span class="string">'a'</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>], <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(<span class="string">'a'</span>)[<span class="number">1</span>].text, <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all([<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'i'</span>]), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(<span class="string">'a'</span>, limit=<span class="number">2</span>), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(title=<span class="string">'qing'</span>), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.find_all(attrs=&#123;<span class="string">'id'</span>: <span class="string">'feng'</span>&#125;), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[&lt;a href="http://www.song.com/" target="_self" title="赵匡义"&gt;宋朝是最强大的王朝，不是军队的强大，而是经济很强大，国民都很有钱。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="du" href=""&gt;总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.baidu.com" title="qing"&gt;清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.163.com" title="qin"&gt;秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.126.com" name="qi"&gt;岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="du" href="http://www.sina.com"&gt;杜甫&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.haha.com" id="feng"&gt;凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。&lt;/a&gt;] </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;a class="du" href=""&gt;总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁&lt;/a&gt; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[&lt;a href="http://www.song.com/" target="_self" title="赵匡义"&gt;宋朝是最强大的王朝，不是军队的强大，而是经济很强大，国民都很有钱。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="du" href=""&gt;总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.baidu.com" title="qing"&gt;清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.163.com" title="qin"&gt;秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.126.com" name="qi"&gt;岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="du" href="http://www.sina.com"&gt;杜甫&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;b&gt;唐朝&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;宋朝&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.haha.com" id="feng"&gt;凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。&lt;/a&gt;] </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[&lt;a href="http://www.song.com/" target="_self" title="赵匡义"&gt;宋朝是最强大的王朝，不是军队的强大，而是经济很强大，国民都很有钱。&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="du" href=""&gt;总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁&lt;/a&gt;] </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[&lt;a href="http://www.baidu.com" title="qing"&gt;清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。&lt;/a&gt;] </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[&lt;a href="http://www.haha.com" id="feng"&gt;凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。&lt;/a&gt;]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="【8-4-2】find-方法"><a href="#【8-4-2】find-方法" class="headerlink" title="【8.4.2】find() 方法"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.4.2】find() 方法</font></h2><p>find() 方法使用方法与 find_all() 方法相同，不同的是，find 方法返回的是单个元素，也就是第一个匹配的元素，而 find_all 返回的是所有匹配的元素组成的列表<br>特别的：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>find_parents 和 find_parent：前者返回所有祖先节点，后者返回直接父节点。</p>
</li>
<li><p>find_next_siblings 和 find_next_sibling：前者返回后面所有的兄弟节点，后者返回后面第一个兄弟节点。</p>
</li>
<li><p>find_previous_siblings 和 find_previous_sibling：前者返回前面所有的兄弟节点，后者返回前面第一个兄弟节点。</p>
</li>
<li><p>find_all_next 和 find_next：前者返回节点后所有符合条件的节点，后者返回第一个符合条件的节点。</p>
</li>
<li><p>find_all_previous 和 find_previous：前者返回节点前所有符合条件的节点，后者返回第一个符合条件的节点。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="【8-5】CSS-选择器"><a href="#【8-5】CSS-选择器" class="headerlink" title="【8.5】CSS 选择器"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.5】CSS 选择器</font></h1><p>使用 CSS 选择器，只需要调用 select 方法，传入相应的 CSS 选择器即可<br>新建 soup.html 文件：<br><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">"en"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"tang"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">ul</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.baidu.com"</span> <span class="attr">title</span>=<span class="string">"qing"</span>&gt;</span>清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.163.com"</span> <span class="attr">title</span>=<span class="string">"qin"</span>&gt;</span>秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.126.com"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"qi"</span>&gt;</span>岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.sina.com"</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"du"</span>&gt;</span>杜甫<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.haha.com"</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"feng"</span>&gt;</span>凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span> <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">li</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">ul</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>通过 CSS 选择器依次选择 class=”tang” 的 div 节点下的 a 节点、id 为 feng 的节点以及其 href 元素：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(open(<span class="string">'soup.html'</span>, encoding=<span class="string">'utf8'</span>), <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.select(<span class="string">'li'</span>), <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.select(<span class="string">'.tang &gt; ul &gt; li &gt; a'</span>)[<span class="number">2</span>], <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.select(<span class="string">'#feng'</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>].text, <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(soup.select(<span class="string">'#feng'</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>][<span class="string">'href'</span>], <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.baidu.com" title="qing"&gt;清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂，借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;, &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.163.com" title="qin"&gt;秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还，但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;, &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.126.com" name="qi"&gt;岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;, &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="du" href="http://www.sina.com"&gt;杜甫&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;, &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.haha.com" id="feng"&gt;凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;] </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;a href="http://www.126.com" name="qi"&gt;岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻，正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。&lt;/a&gt; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流，吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">http://www.haha.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>附表：CSS 选择器，来源：<a href="https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp</a></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>选择器</th>
<th>例子</th>
<th>例子描述</th>
<th>CSS</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>.class</td>
<td>.intro</td>
<td>选择 class=”intro” 的所有元素</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>#id</td>
<td>#firstname</td>
<td>选择 id=”firstname” 的所有元素</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>选择所有元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element</td>
<td>p</td>
<td>选择所有 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element,element</td>
<td>div,p</td>
<td>选择所有 <div> 元素和所有 <p> 元素</p></div></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element element</td>
<td>div p</td>
<td>选择 <div> 元素内部的所有 <p> 元素</p></div></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element&gt;element</td>
<td>div&gt;p</td>
<td>选择父元素为 <div> 元素的所有 <p> 元素</p></div></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element+element</td>
<td>div+p</td>
<td>选择紧接在 <div> 元素之后的所有 <p> 元素</p></div></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute]</td>
<td>[target]</td>
<td>选择带有 target 属性所有元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute=value]</td>
<td>[target=_blank]</td>
<td>选择 target=”_blank” 的所有元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute~=value]</td>
<td>[title~=flower]</td>
<td>选择 title 属性包含单词 “flower” 的所有元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute</td>
<td>=value]</td>
<td>[lang</td>
<td>=en]</td>
<td>选择 lang 属性值以 “en” 开头的所有元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:link</td>
<td>a:link</td>
<td>选择所有未被访问的链接</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:visited</td>
<td>a:visited</td>
<td>选择所有已被访问的链接</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:active</td>
<td>a:active</td>
<td>选择活动链接</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:hover</td>
<td>a:hover</td>
<td>选择鼠标指针位于其上的链接</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:focus</td>
<td>input:focus</td>
<td>选择获得焦点的 input 元素</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:first-letter</td>
<td>p:first-letter</td>
<td>选择每个 <p> 元素的首字母</p></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:first-line</td>
<td>p:first-line</td>
<td>选择每个 <p> 元素的首行</p></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:first-child</td>
<td>p:first-child</td>
<td>选择属于父元素的第一个子元素的每个 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:before</td>
<td>p:before</td>
<td>在每个 <p> 元素的内容之前插入内容</p></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:after</td>
<td>p:after</td>
<td>在每个 <p> 元素的内容之后插入内容</p></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:lang(language)</td>
<td>p:lang(it)</td>
<td>选择带有以 “it” 开头的 lang 属性值的每个 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element1~element2</td>
<td>p~ul</td>
<td>选择前面有 <p> 元素的每个 <ul> 元素</ul></p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute^=value]</td>
<td>a[src^=”https”]</td>
<td>选择其 src 属性值以 “https” 开头的每个 <a> 元素</a></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute$=value]</td>
<td>a[src$=”.pdf”]</td>
<td>选择其 src 属性以 “.pdf” 结尾的所有 <a> 元素</a></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[attribute*=value]</td>
<td>a[src*=”abc”]</td>
<td>选择其 src 属性中包含 “abc” 子串的每个 <a> 元素</a></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:first-of-type</td>
<td>p:first-of-type</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素的首个 <p> 元素的每个 </p><p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:last-of-type</td>
<td>p:last-of-type</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素的最后 <p> 元素的每个 </p><p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:only-of-type</td>
<td>p:only-of-type</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素唯一的 <p> 元素的每个 </p><p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:only-child</td>
<td>p:only-child</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素的唯一子元素的每个 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:nth-child(n)</td>
<td>p:nth-child(2)</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素的第二个子元素的每个 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:nth-last-child(n)</td>
<td>p:nth-last-child(2)</td>
<td>同上，从最后一个子元素开始计数</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:nth-of-type(n)</td>
<td>p:nth-of-type(2)</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素第二个 <p> 元素的每个 </p><p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:nth-last-of-type(n)</td>
<td>p:nth-last-of-type(2)</td>
<td>同上，但是从最后一个子元素开始计数</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:last-child</td>
<td>p:last-child</td>
<td>选择属于其父元素最后一个子元素每个 <p> 元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:root</td>
<td>:root</td>
<td>选择文档的根元素</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:empty</td>
<td>p:empty</td>
<td>选择没有子元素的每个 <p> 元素（包括文本节点）</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:target</td>
<td>#news:target</td>
<td>选择当前活动的 #news 元素</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:enabled</td>
<td>input:enabled</td>
<td>选择每个启用的 <input> 元素</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:disabled</td>
<td>input:disabled</td>
<td>选择每个禁用的 <input> 元素</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:checked</td>
<td>input:checked</td>
<td>选择每个被选中的 <input> 元素</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>:not(selector)</td>
<td>:not(p)</td>
<td>选择非 <p> 元素的每个元素</p></td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>::selection</td>
<td>::selection</td>
<td>选择被用户选取的元素部分</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 id="【8-6】附表：Beautiful-Soup-库-soup-对象常用属性与方法"><a href="#【8-6】附表：Beautiful-Soup-库-soup-对象常用属性与方法" class="headerlink" title="【8.6】附表：Beautiful Soup 库 soup 对象常用属性与方法"></a><font color="#ff0000">【8.6】附表：Beautiful Soup 库 soup 对象常用属性与方法</font></h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>基本元素</th>
<th>说明</th>
<th>返回类型</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>tag</td>
<td>soup.a</td>
<td>bs4.element.Tag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>name</td>
<td>soup.a.name</td>
<td>str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>attrs</td>
<td>soup.a.attrs</td>
<td>dict</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>contents</td>
<td>子节点</td>
<td>list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>children</td>
<td>遍历子节点</td>
<td>list_iterator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>descendants</td>
<td>遍历所有子孙节点</td>
<td>generator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>parent</td>
<td>返回父亲标签</td>
<td>bs4.element.Tag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>parents</td>
<td>上行遍历父辈标签</td>
<td>generator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>prettify()</td>
<td>添加/n</td>
<td>str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find_all(name,attr)</td>
<td>soup.find_all(‘a’)/([‘a’,‘b’])/(True)/(‘p’,‘course’)/(id=‘link1’)/(string=‘python’)</td>
<td>bs4.element.ResultSet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find()</td>
<td>soup.find(‘a’)/返回第一个a标签</td>
<td>bs4.element.Tag</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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