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      <a title='Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方法' href='/2019/04/15/A21-PEP8/'><img class='thumbnail' src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/TRHX/ImageHosting/ITRHX-PIC/thumbnail/python.png'></a>
    
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        Python PEP8 代码规范常见问题及解决方法
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          <p>之前一直用 Python  IDLE 写代码，最近换成 PyCharm 写代码总是会出现波浪号，这才了解到 Python 的 PEP8 代码规范，所以将常见的 PEP8 代码规范问题和解决方法记录一下，学习一下，遇到了再持续更新，<font color="#FF0000">养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！</font></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: no newline at end of file</font><br>解决方法：代码末尾需要另起一行，光标移到最后回车即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: indentation is not a multiple of four</font><br>解决方法：缩进不是4的倍数，检查缩进</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: over-indented</font><br>解决方法：过度缩进，检查缩进</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: missing whitespace after’,’</font><br>解决方法：逗号后面少了空格，添加空格即可，类似还有分号或者冒号后面少了空格</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: multiple imports on one line</font><br>解决方法：不要在一句 import 中引用多个库，举例：<code>import socket, urllib.error</code>最好写成：<code>import socket</code>   <code>import urllib.error</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: blank line at end of line</font><br>解决方法：代码末尾行多了空格，删除空格即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: at least two spaces before inline comment</font><br>解决方法：代码与注释之间至少要有两个空格</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: block comment should start with ‘#’</font><br>解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: inline comment should start with ‘#’</font><br>解决方法：注释要以#加一个空格开始</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: module level import not at top of file</font><br>解决方法：import不在文件的最上面，可能之前还有其它代码</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: expected 2 blank lines，found 0</font><br>解决方法：需要两条空白行，添加两个空白行即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: function name should be lowercase</font><br>解决方法：函数名改成小写即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: missing whitespace around operator</font><br>解决方法：操作符（’=’、’&gt;’、’&lt;’等）前后缺少空格，加上即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals</font><br>解决方法：关键字/参数等号周围出现意外空格，去掉空格即可</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: multiple statements on one line (colon)</font><br>解决方法：多行语句写到一行了，比如：<code>if x == 2: print(&#39;OK&#39;)</code>要分成两行写</p>
</li>
<li><p><font color="#FF0000">PEP 8: line too long (82 &gt; 79 characters)</font><br>解决方法：超过了每行的最大长度限制79</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>如果想要选择性忽略PEP8代码风格的警告信息可以使用以下方法：（养成良好的习惯，编写规范的代码！不推荐忽略！）</p>
<p>①将鼠标移到出现警告信息的地方，按 <font color="#FF0000">alt+Enter</font>，选择忽略（Ignore）这个错误即可：<br><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/TRHX/ImageHosting/ITRHX-PIC/A21/01.png" alt="01"><br>②依次选择 <font color="#FF0000">File - Settings - Editor - Inspections</font>，在 Python下找到 <font color="#FF0000">PEP8 coding style violation</font> 选项，在右下角的 <font color="#FF0000">Ignore errors </font>里点击加号可以添加需要忽略的警告信息ID（ID信息见后面附录），例如想要忽略<code>indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs</code>这个警告，只需要添加其ID：<font color="#FF0000">E101</font> 即可<br><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/TRHX/ImageHosting/ITRHX-PIC/A21/02.png" alt="02"><br>附录：全部警告信息以及对应的ID，官方地址：<a href="https://pep8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#error-codes" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pep8.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html#error-codes</a></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">code</th>
<th style="text-align:center">sample message</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E1</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Indentation</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E101</td>
<td style="text-align:center">indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E111</td>
<td style="text-align:center">indentation is not a multiple of four</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E112</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected an indented block</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E113</td>
<td style="text-align:center">unexpected indentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E114</td>
<td style="text-align:center">indentation is not a multiple of four (comment)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E115</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected an indented block (comment)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E116</td>
<td style="text-align:center">unexpected indentation (comment)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E117</td>
<td style="text-align:center">over-indented</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E121 (*^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line under-indented for hanging indent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E122 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line missing indentation or outdented</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E123 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">closing bracket does not match indentation of opening bracket’s line</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E124 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">closing bracket does not match visual indentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E125 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line with same indent as next logical line</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E126 (*^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line over-indented for hanging indent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E127 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line over-indented for visual indent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E128 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line under-indented for visual indent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E129 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">visually indented line with same indent as next logical line</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E131 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">continuation line unaligned for hanging indent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E133 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">closing bracket is missing indentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E2</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Whitespace</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E201</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whitespace after ‘(‘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E202</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whitespace before ‘)’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E203</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whitespace before ‘:’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E211</td>
<td style="text-align:center">whitespace before ‘(‘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E221</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple spaces before operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E222</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple spaces after operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E223</td>
<td style="text-align:center">tab before operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E224</td>
<td style="text-align:center">tab after operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E225</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace around operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E226 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace around arithmetic operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E227</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace around bitwise or shift operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E228</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace around modulo operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E231</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace after ‘,’, ‘;’, or ‘:’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E241 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple spaces after ‘,’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E242 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">tab after ‘,’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E251</td>
<td style="text-align:center">unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E261</td>
<td style="text-align:center">at least two spaces before inline comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E262</td>
<td style="text-align:center">inline comment should start with ‘# ‘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E265</td>
<td style="text-align:center">block comment should start with ‘# ‘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E266</td>
<td style="text-align:center">too many leading ‘#’ for block comment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E271</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple spaces after keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E272</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple spaces before keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E273</td>
<td style="text-align:center">tab after keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E274</td>
<td style="text-align:center">tab before keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E275</td>
<td style="text-align:center">missing whitespace after keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E3</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Blank line</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E301</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected 1 blank line, found 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E302</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected 2 blank lines, found 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E303</td>
<td style="text-align:center">too many blank lines (3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E304</td>
<td style="text-align:center">blank lines found after function decorator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E305</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected 2 blank lines after end of function or class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E306</td>
<td style="text-align:center">expected 1 blank line before a nested definition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E4</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Import</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E401</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple imports on one line</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E402</td>
<td style="text-align:center">module level import not at top of file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E5</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Line length</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E501 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">line too long (82 &gt; 79 characters)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E502</td>
<td style="text-align:center">the backslash is redundant between brackets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E7</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Statement</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E701</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple statements on one line (colon)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E702</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple statements on one line (semicolon)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E703</td>
<td style="text-align:center">statement ends with a semicolon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E704 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">multiple statements on one line (def)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E711 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">comparison to None should be ‘if cond is None:’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E712 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">comparison to True should be ‘if cond is True:’ or ‘if cond:’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E713</td>
<td style="text-align:center">test for membership should be ‘not in’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E714</td>
<td style="text-align:center">test for object identity should be ‘is not’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E721 (^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not compare types, use ‘isinstance()’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E722</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not use bare except, specify exception instead</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E731</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not assign a lambda expression, use a def</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E741</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not use variables named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E742</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not define classes named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E743</td>
<td style="text-align:center">do not define functions named ‘l’, ‘O’, or ‘I’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">E9</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Runtime</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E901</td>
<td style="text-align:center">SyntaxError or IndentationError</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">E902</td>
<td style="text-align:center">IOError</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">W1</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Indentation warning</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W191</td>
<td style="text-align:center">indentation contains tabs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">W2</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Whitespace warning</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W291</td>
<td style="text-align:center">trailing whitespace</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W292</td>
<td style="text-align:center">no newline at end of file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W293</td>
<td style="text-align:center">blank line contains whitespace</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">W3</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Blank line warning</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W391</td>
<td style="text-align:center">blank line at end of file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">W5</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Line break warning</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W503 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">line break before binary operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W504 (*)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">line break after binary operator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W505 (*^)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">doc line too long (82 &gt; 79 characters)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">W6</font></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><font color="#FF0000">Deprecation warning</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W601</td>
<td style="text-align:center">.has_key() is deprecated, use ‘in’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W602</td>
<td style="text-align:center">deprecated form of raising exception</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W603</td>
<td style="text-align:center">‘&lt;&gt;’ is deprecated, use ‘!=’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W604</td>
<td style="text-align:center">backticks are deprecated, use ‘repr()’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W605</td>
<td style="text-align:center">invalid escape sequence ‘x’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">W606</td>
<td style="text-align:center">‘async’ and ‘await’ are reserved keywords starting with Python 3.7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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