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        Python3 爬虫学习笔记 C10
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        <p>字数统计:</p>
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          <blockquote>
<center><font color="#1BC3FB" size="4">Python3 爬虫学习笔记第十章 —— 【MySQL数据储存】</font></center>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="【10-1】MySQL-基本操作语句"><a href="#【10-1】MySQL-基本操作语句" class="headerlink" title="【10.1】MySQL 基本操作语句"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.1】MySQL 基本操作语句</font></h1><p>安装完 MySQL 后，打开 MySQL x.x Command Line Client - Unicode，输入密码即可登录 MySQL，也可在 MySQL 安装目录下打开 cmd 使用命令登录数据库</p>
<h2 id="数据库操作"><a href="#数据库操作" class="headerlink" title="数据库操作"></a>数据库操作</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 连接数据库</span><br><span class="line">mysql -u root -p</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 退出数据库</span><br><span class="line">exit</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 查看所有的数据库</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="keyword">DATABASES</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 创建一个数据库</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span> X;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除一个数据库</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DROP</span> <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="keyword">IF</span> <span class="keyword">EXISTS</span> X;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 使用这个数据库</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USE</span> X;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="表操作"><a href="#表操作" class="headerlink" title="表操作"></a>表操作</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 查看所有的表</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="keyword">TABLES</span> ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 创建一个表</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n(<span class="keyword">id</span> <span class="built_in">INT</span>, <span class="keyword">name</span> <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">10</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> m(<span class="keyword">id</span> <span class="built_in">INT</span>, <span class="keyword">name</span> <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">10</span>), PRIMARY <span class="keyword">KEY</span> (<span class="keyword">id</span>), FOREIGN <span class="keyword">KEY</span> (<span class="keyword">id</span>) <span class="keyword">REFERENCES</span> n(<span class="keyword">id</span>), <span class="keyword">UNIQUE</span> (<span class="keyword">name</span>));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> m(<span class="keyword">id</span> <span class="built_in">INT</span>, <span class="keyword">name</span> <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">10</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 直接将查询结果导入或复制到新创建的表</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> * <span class="keyword">FROM</span> m;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 新创建的表与一个存在的表的数据结构类似</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> m <span class="keyword">LIKE</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 创建一个临时表</span><br><span class="line"># 临时表将在你连接MySQL期间存在。当断开连接时，MySQL将自动删除表并释放所用的空间。也可手动删除。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> l(<span class="keyword">id</span> <span class="built_in">INT</span>, <span class="keyword">name</span> <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">10</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 直接将查询结果导入或复制到新创建的临时表</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> tt <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> * <span class="keyword">FROM</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除一个存在表</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DROP</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="keyword">IF</span> <span class="keyword">EXISTS</span> m;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 更改存在表的名称</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">RENAME</span> m;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">TO</span> m;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 查看表的结构(以下五条语句效果相同）</span><br><span class="line">DESC n;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DESCRIBE</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="keyword">COLUMNS</span> <span class="keyword">IN</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="keyword">COLUMNS</span> <span class="keyword">FROM</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">EXPLAIN</span> n;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 查看表的创建语句</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="表的结构"><a href="#表的结构" class="headerlink" title="表的结构"></a>表的结构</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 添加字段</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">ADD</span> age <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 添加字段时设定位置</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">ADD</span> age <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">2</span>)  <span class="keyword">FIRST</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">ADD</span> age <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">2</span>)  <span class="keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="keyword">name</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 修改字段在表中的位置</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">MODIFY</span> age <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">2</span>) <span class="keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="keyword">name</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除字段</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">DROP</span> age;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 更改字段属性和属性</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">CHANGE</span> age a <span class="built_in">INT</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 只更改字段属性</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> n <span class="keyword">MODIFY</span> age <span class="built_in">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">7</span>) ;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 改变表的存储引擎</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> t <span class="keyword">ENGINE</span> myisam;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> t <span class="keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="keyword">innodb</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 设定自增 初始为1，只能一个字段使用，该字段为主键的一部分</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> t AUTO_INCREMENT = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="表的数据"><a href="#表的数据" class="headerlink" title="表的数据"></a>表的数据</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 增加数据</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> n <span class="keyword">VALUES</span> (<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">'tom'</span>, <span class="string">'23'</span>), (<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="string">'john'</span>, <span class="string">'22'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">INSERT INTO n SELECT * FROM n;  # 把数据复制一遍重新插入</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除数据</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="keyword">FROM</span> n <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="keyword">id</span> = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 更改数据</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> n <span class="keyword">SET</span> <span class="keyword">name</span> = <span class="string">'tom'</span> <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="keyword">id</span> = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 数据查找</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> * <span class="keyword">FROM</span> n <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="keyword">name</span> <span class="keyword">LIKE</span> <span class="string">'%h%'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 数据排序(反序)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> * <span class="keyword">FROM</span> n <span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> <span class="keyword">name</span>, <span class="keyword">id</span> <span class="keyword">DESC</span> ;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="【10-2】Python-连接-MySQL"><a href="#【10-2】Python-连接-MySQL" class="headerlink" title="【10.2】Python 连接 MySQL"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.2】Python 连接 MySQL</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">cursor.execute(<span class="string">'SELECT VERSION()'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">data = cursor.fetchone()</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'Database version:'</span>, data)</span><br><span class="line">cursor.execute(<span class="string">"CREATE DATABASE spiders DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通过 PyMySQL 的 connect 方法声明一个 MySQL 连接对象 db，当前 MySQL 数据库运行在本地，设定 <code>host=&#39;localhost&#39;</code>，用户名为 <code>root</code>，登录密码为 <code>000000</code>，运行在 <code>3306</code> 端口，调用 <code>cursor()</code> 方法获得 MySQL 的操作游标，该游标用来执行 SQL 语句，通过游标操作 <code>execute()</code> 方法写入 SQL 语句，第一条 SQL 语句获取 MySQL 的版本信息，调用 <code>fetchone()</code> 方法获得第一条数据，即 MySQL 的版本号。第二条 SQL 语句执行创建 spiders 数据库的操作，编码为 utf8mb4，运行该段代码将输出 MySQL 的版本号：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Database version: (<span class="string">'8.0.17'</span>,)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="【10-3】创建表"><a href="#【10-3】创建表" class="headerlink" title="【10.3】创建表"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.3】创建表</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, age VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id))'</span></span><br><span class="line">cursor.execute(sql)</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>该段代码实现了在 spiders 数据库里创建了一个名为 students 的表，包含 id、name、age 三个字段，类型依次为 varchar、varchar、int</p>
<h1 id="【10-4】插入数据"><a href="#【10-4】插入数据" class="headerlink" title="【10.4】插入数据"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.4】插入数据</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">id = <span class="string">'17110105'</span></span><br><span class="line">user = <span class="string">'TRH'</span></span><br><span class="line">age = <span class="number">20</span></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'INSERT INTO students(id, name, age) values(%s, %s, %s)'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    cursor.execute(sql, (id, user, age))</span><br><span class="line">    db.commit()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    db.rollback()</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>commit()</code> 方法的作用是实现数据插入，是真正将语句提交到数据库执行的方法，使用 <code>try except</code> 语句实现异常处理，如果执行失败，则调用 <code>rollback()</code> 方法执行数据回滚，保证原数据不被破坏，使用查询语句可以看到已经插入的数据：</p>
<fancybox><br><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/TRHX/ImageHosting/ITRHX-PIC/A40/01.jpg" alt="01"><br></fancybox>

<p>进阶操作：将需要插入的数据构造成一个字典，这样的做法可以让插入方法无需改动，只需要传入一个动态变化的字典就行了，改写原来的代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">data = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'id'</span>: <span class="string">'17110105'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'name'</span>: <span class="string">'TRH'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'age'</span>: <span class="number">20</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">table = <span class="string">'students'</span></span><br><span class="line">keys = <span class="string">', '</span>.join(data.keys())</span><br><span class="line">values = <span class="string">', '</span>.join([<span class="string">'%s'</span>]*len(data))</span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'INSERT INTO &#123;table&#125;(&#123;keys&#125;) VALUES (&#123;values&#125;)'</span>.format(table=table, keys=keys, values=values)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values()))</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'数据插入成功！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    db.commit()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'数据插入失败！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    db.rollback()</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>传入的数是字典，将其定义为 data 变量，表名定义成变量 table，构造插入的字段 id、name 和 age。<code>&#39;, &#39;.join(data.keys())</code>  的结果就是 id, name, age，接着需要构造多个 <code>%s</code> 当作占位符，有三个字段，就需要构造 <code>%s, %s, %s</code>。首先定义长度为 1 的数组 <code>[&#39;%s&#39;]</code>，然后用乘法将其扩充为 <code>[&#39;%s&#39;, &#39;%s&#39;, &#39;%s&#39;]</code>，再调用 <code>join()</code> 方法，最终变成 <code>%s, %s, %s</code>。再利用字符串的 <code>format()</code> 方法将表名、字段名和占位符构造出来。最终的 SQL 语句就被动态构造成了如下语句：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">INSERT INTO students(id, name, age) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="【10-5】更新数据"><a href="#【10-5】更新数据" class="headerlink" title="【10.5】更新数据"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.5】更新数据</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">data = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'id'</span>: <span class="string">'17110105'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'name'</span>: <span class="string">'TRH'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'age'</span>: <span class="number">21</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">table = <span class="string">'students'</span></span><br><span class="line">keys = <span class="string">', '</span>.join(data.keys())</span><br><span class="line">values = <span class="string">', '</span>.join([<span class="string">'%s'</span>]*len(data))</span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'INSERT INTO &#123;table&#125;(&#123;keys&#125;) VALUES (&#123;values&#125;) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE'</span>.format(table=table, keys=keys, values=values)</span><br><span class="line">update = <span class="string">','</span>.join([<span class="string">"&#123;key&#125; = % s"</span>.format(key=key) <span class="keyword">for</span> key <span class="keyword">in</span> data])</span><br><span class="line">sql += update</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values())*<span class="number">2</span>):</span><br><span class="line">        print(<span class="string">'数据插入成功！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        db.commit()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'数据插入失败！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    db.rollback()</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE</code> 表示如果主键已经存在，就执行更新操作，最终被构造成如下语句：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">INSERT INTO students(id, name, age) VALUES (% s, % s, % s) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE id = % s, name = % s, age = % s</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="【10-6】删除数据"><a href="#【10-6】删除数据" class="headerlink" title="【10.6】删除数据"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.6】删除数据</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">table = <span class="string">'students'</span></span><br><span class="line">condition = <span class="string">'age = 20'</span></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'DELETE FROM  &#123;table&#125; WHERE &#123;condition&#125;'</span>.format(table=table, condition=condition)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    cursor.execute(sql)</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'数据删除成功！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    db.commit()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'数据删除失败！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    db.rollback()</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>删除操作直接使用 <code>DELETE</code> 语句，指定要删除的目标表名和删除条件即可</p>
<h1 id="【10-7】查询数据"><a href="#【10-7】查询数据" class="headerlink" title="【10.7】查询数据"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.7】查询数据</font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">table = <span class="string">'students'</span></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'spiders'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'SELECT * FROM students WHERE age &gt;= 20'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    cursor.execute(sql)</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'Count:'</span>, cursor.rowcount)</span><br><span class="line">    one = cursor.fetchone()</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'One:'</span>, one)</span><br><span class="line">    results = cursor.fetchall()</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'Results:'</span>, results)</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'Results Type:'</span>, type(results))</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> row <span class="keyword">in</span> results:</span><br><span class="line">        print(row)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'查询失败！'</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>sql = &#39;SELECT * FROM students WHERE age &gt;= 20&#39;</code>：构造一条 SQL 语句，将年龄 大于等于20 岁的学生查询出来</p>
<p><code>cursor.rowcount</code>：调用 cursor 的 rowcount 属性获取查询结果的条数</p>
<p><code>cursor.fetchone()</code>：调用 cursor 的 fetchone() 方法，获取结果的第一条数据，返回结果是元组形式，元组的元素顺序跟字段一一对应，即第一个元素就是第一个字段 id，第二个元素就是第二个字段 name，以此类推</p>
<p><code>cursor.fetchall()</code>：调用 cursor 的 fetchall() 方法，得到结果的所有数据，它是二重元组，每个元素都是一条记录，本例中显示的是 3 条数据而不是 4 条，这是因为它的内部实现有一个偏移指针用来指向查询结果，最开始偏移指针指向第一条数据，取一次之后，指针偏移到下一条数据，这样再取的话，就会取到下一条数据了。我们最初调用了一次 fetchone 方法，这样结果的偏移指针就指向下一条数据，fetchall 方法返回的是偏移指针指向的数据一直到结束的所有数据，所以该方法获取的结果就只剩 3 个了</p>
<h1 id="【10-8】实战训练-—-爬取CSDN博客标题和地址保存到-MySQL"><a href="#【10-8】实战训练-—-爬取CSDN博客标题和地址保存到-MySQL" class="headerlink" title="【10.8】实战训练 — 爬取CSDN博客标题和地址保存到 MySQL"></a><font color="#ff0000">【10.8】实战训练 — 爬取CSDN博客标题和地址保存到 MySQL</font></h1><p>利用 requests 库构建请求，BeautifulSoup 解析库解析网页，获取自己博客文章的标题和地址，将其储存到本地 MySQL 数据库中，事先已经创建好了一个 blog 数据库，并创建了一个名为 article 的数据表，数据表包含 id、title、url 三个字段，其中 id 的 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 属性可以使 id 自己增加，<code>PRIMARY KEY</code> 关键字用于将 id 定义为主键</p>
<p>创建 article 数据表：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'blog'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line">sql = <span class="string">'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS article (id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, url VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id))'</span></span><br><span class="line">cursor.execute(sql)</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>获取文章标题和对应的 URL 并将其储存到 MySQL 中：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> requests</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> pymysql</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> bs4 <span class="keyword">import</span> BeautifulSoup</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db = pymysql.connect(host=<span class="string">'localhost'</span>, user=<span class="string">'root'</span>, password=<span class="string">'000000'</span>, port=<span class="number">3306</span>, db=<span class="string">'blog'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">cursor = db.cursor()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">headers = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">'User-Agent'</span>: <span class="string">'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">url = <span class="string">"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36759224"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">request = requests.get(url, headers=headers)</span><br><span class="line">soup = BeautifulSoup(request.text, <span class="string">'lxml'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">title_list = soup.find_all(<span class="string">'h4'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> list <span class="keyword">in</span> title_list:</span><br><span class="line">    s = list.a.text.strip()</span><br><span class="line">    title = s.replace(<span class="string">'原'</span>, <span class="string">''</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    url = list.a[<span class="string">'href'</span>].strip()</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment"># print(title + url)</span></span><br><span class="line">    cursor.execute(<span class="string">'INSERT INTO article (title, url) VALUES (%s, %s)'</span>, (title, url))</span><br><span class="line">db.commit()</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">'数据写入完毕！'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">db.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在命令行中使用 <code>SELECT * FROM article;</code> 命令可以查看到数据已经成功获取并储存到了数据库中：</p>
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